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[A] If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.[B] Career planning overweighs any other factors.[C] Review your plans and progress periodically with another person.[D] Serious flaws in the ways many people make career decision.[E] Study yourself.[F] Set up some predictions about yourself in a career.[G] Write your career goals down.Career planning helps you to shape your career possibilities. It does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps. Each of us places weight on different factors and may consider certain phases of career planning at different times. Career planning includes gathering information about ourselves and about occupations, estimating the probable outcomes of various courses of action, and finally, choosing alternatives that we find attractive and feasible. Quite often career planning helps people to see the kinds of assistance they need to do what they want and helps direct them to available resources.(41)__________This is the key to career planning. Understanding what you are like, what you value, and what you want to become is the foundation for all career planning. To have a better insight into yourself, you are supposed to examine your strengths and weaknesses, your goals, and the trends in your personal development. The self-understanding that you gain enables you to imagine how certain occupations may best fit your personality, interests, abilities, and goals. All career decisions require us to learn both about ourselves and about work, and to integrate these two kinds of knowledge.(42)__________A technique useful for organizing ideas about your career development is to actually put them down by time blocks in your life, for example, ages nineteen to twenty-two, twenty-three to thirty... This action forces you to crystallize your thinking and to reorganize fuzzy and half-formed ideas. It may lead to new insights about your possibilities and may help you to see new relationships, patterns and trends, or to identify gaps in your thinking about your career development.(43)__________Consider the kind of person you are, what you’re likely to be like, what changes are likely to take place in an occupation, what basic problems you might meet, and what you need to solve your problems. These hypotheses, or educated guesses, should represent your understanding of yourself at present, what you can do, and what you will do.(44)__________Every so often, take stock of your situation and consider what steps have to be taken next. Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market. Talking over your plans with a college counselor, your parents, and your friends helps you define your goals and improve your career plan or make them work.(45)__________Today, growing numbers of people are changing careers or getting second start in careers that have greater appeal to them. Society no longer attaches the stigma of "instability" to the idea of career hopping, as it once did. Motives or reasons for changing career vary widely, but many people move because they feel stale or fed up with a grinding or dull routine. For some, a second start grows out of the realization that what they want out of life is not what they are doing, and they decide to do those things they enjoy and believe to be important. Certainly, time spent in one occupation is likely to narrow the range of later occupation choices; very few people have the motivation and financial resource to start a completely new career in mid-life. Most people move to related field that involves a minimum of new training. 41

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Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical decision making and intelligence in Arthur Clarke’s 2001:A space Odyssey , is being discussed seriously in modern artificial-intelligence (AI) laboratories. (46) That is not to say that computers will evolve exactly as Clarke envisioned, any more than propulsion systems developed in the way Jules Verne imagined three-quarters of a century before a rocked sent a spaceship to the moon. (47)However, computer scientists are developing systems that come very close to mimicking parts of human cognition;it seems plausible that something like Hal will be around before you depart from this earth.(48) Computerized cognition, or artificial intelligence (AI), as it is often called, is broadly defined as that branch of computer science that deals with the development of computers (hardware) and computer programs (software) that emulate human cognitive functions. Cognition involves perception, memory, thinking, language processing and many other related functions which are carried out in a more or less exact way. You can, for example, see and recognize your friend’s face; compose a sensible poem set in iambic pentameter; mentally calculate the most direct route from your home to the college, and distinguish sour milk from fresh milk. We do things like this every day with no effort. We also do a lot of foolish things, such as put shampoo on our toothbrush. We are human and that’s a problem for computers, being perfect machines that never make a mistake, "computer errors" notwithstanding.If a computer could simulate human thought and actions precisely, then it would be as good as we are in doing the list of things mentioned earlier, but also be just as fallible as we are. (49)It is important to recognize the distinction between those who want to write programs that will perform human tasks well, such as the program we are presently using that draws a squiggly red line under misspelled words and those who aim to clone human thought. Computers and their impressive programs have become such an indispensable part of our everyday life that we wonder how we got along without them—still, they aren’t clever enough to shampoo with toothpaste.When we discuss AI, it is usually intertwined with Cognitive psychology and neuroscience. (50) Ideas from one field, for example, neuroscience, might be incorporated into another, for example, artificial intelligence, and yet other ideas from cognitive psychology might be applied to both other areas. All three—AI, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience (especially neuroscience)— build a platform for cognitive science. However, computer scientists are developing systems that come very close to mimicking parts of human cognition;it seems plausible that something like Hal will be around before you depart from this earth.

Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical decision making and intelligence in Arthur Clarke’s 2001:A space Odyssey , is being discussed seriously in modern artificial-intelligence (AI) laboratories. (46) That is not to say that computers will evolve exactly as Clarke envisioned, any more than propulsion systems developed in the way Jules Verne imagined three-quarters of a century before a rocked sent a spaceship to the moon. (47)However, computer scientists are developing systems that come very close to mimicking parts of human cognition;it seems plausible that something like Hal will be around before you depart from this earth.(48) Computerized cognition, or artificial intelligence (AI), as it is often called, is broadly defined as that branch of computer science that deals with the development of computers (hardware) and computer programs (software) that emulate human cognitive functions. Cognition involves perception, memory, thinking, language processing and many other related functions which are carried out in a more or less exact way. You can, for example, see and recognize your friend’s face; compose a sensible poem set in iambic pentameter; mentally calculate the most direct route from your home to the college, and distinguish sour milk from fresh milk. We do things like this every day with no effort. We also do a lot of foolish things, such as put shampoo on our toothbrush. We are human and that’s a problem for computers, being perfect machines that never make a mistake, "computer errors" notwithstanding.If a computer could simulate human thought and actions precisely, then it would be as good as we are in doing the list of things mentioned earlier, but also be just as fallible as we are. (49)It is important to recognize the distinction between those who want to write programs that will perform human tasks well, such as the program we are presently using that draws a squiggly red line under misspelled words and those who aim to clone human thought. Computers and their impressive programs have become such an indispensable part of our everyday life that we wonder how we got along without them—still, they aren’t clever enough to shampoo with toothpaste.When we discuss AI, it is usually intertwined with Cognitive psychology and neuroscience. (50) Ideas from one field, for example, neuroscience, might be incorporated into another, for example, artificial intelligence, and yet other ideas from cognitive psychology might be applied to both other areas. All three—AI, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience (especially neuroscience)— build a platform for cognitive science. It is important to recognize the distinction between those who want to write programs that will perform human tasks well, such as the program we are presently using that draws a squiggly red line under misspelled words and those who aim to clone human thought

One day Tom bought, for two dollars, a large number of used books. He put them in a (36) and pulled them to the (37) . He was to (38) at work until three in the morning. At three, he (39) to walk home. The streets were dark. Tom could (40) wait to arrive home and began to read his new books." (41) !" a voice shouted. But Tom was too (42) to hear the shout well.A moment later, a gunshot (43) his ear. He heard the shot. Tom turned to see what was (44) . An angry policeman ran toward him. The policeman thought that the bag did not (45) Tom. He shouted at Tom, "Drop it !"" (46) !" the policeman ordered.Tom opened it and the old books (47) out of it."Why not stop (48) when I shouted" the policeman asked, "If I had shot (49) , you would have been dead." "I didn’t (50) you," Tom said, "I am almost deaf."The policeman told Tom he was (51) for having shot at him." (52) would be better for you not to walk on the (53) at night." he said.Tom smiled, and told the policeman that his job (54) a telegrapher was a night job. The policeman could think of (55) to answer this. 51()

A. regretted
B. surprised
C. sorry
D. mercy

As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast agricultural hinterland. Market days (1) the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a (2) of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, vegetables, cider and other products for direct sale to the (3) . The High Street Market was continuously (4) throughout the period until 1736, (5) it (6) from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street. The next year the Callow Hill Market began (7) .Along with market days, the (8) of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia (9) after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The (10) provided a means of bringing handmade goods from (11) places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, (12) , were popular items.Auctions were another popular (13) of trade. Because of the competition, retail (14) opposed these as well as the fairs. (15) governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary (16) of economic development was on the merchants’side, as increasing business specialization became the (17) of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear (18) general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphia’s merchants prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, (19) , in the capital city of the province, (20) to not only the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony. Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.19()

A. for all
B. above all
C. at all
D. after all

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