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患儿，8 个月，单纯母乳喂养，从未加辅食。近来，面色蜡黄，表情呆滞，舌面光滑，有轻微震颤，肝于肋下4cm，血常规检查：Hb：90g/L，RBC：2×1012/L，血清维生素B12 降低(90~91 共用题干) 该患儿最适宜的治疗是给予
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47（）
第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer Dogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man’s best friend can even find bladder(膀胱)cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors(气味).Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine(尿).The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the let of its owner.The mole(痣)was later found to be skin cancer. Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people. Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it. Two cocker spaniels(短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬)were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent. As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifyt-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone. The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part. During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney(肾). Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. Which is NOT true of bladder cancer （）
通过普查，可基本搞清疾病的病因 。 （ ）
病例4：女性，69岁，退休工人，近3年来逐渐出现特别好忘事，做事经常丢三落四，近一年不会自己穿衣服，有时把裤子当衣服“穿”，有时对着镜子中的自己问“你是谁呀”，2周前一个人跑出家门，找不到回家的路，说不清地址，说不上自己的名字，幸被邻居碰上才未发生意外。 对该患者的护理目标( )
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