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Why Integrity Matters What Is Integrity The key to integrity is consistency—not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life’s hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I’m not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I’m looking at another’s exam, but that’s not cheating because I’m just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making—and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s an indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits and simply haven’t considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious and may include a "0" on a test or assignment, an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren’t many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It—Or Not Those who don’t get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn’t learn from the test, which deprives (剥夺) him/her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence; the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self- respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn’t get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don’t count" and don’t really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的) effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others’ grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don’t cheat, I can’t compete with those who do." ) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I’m not interested in what you’re trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others. If not, we couldn’t put money in the bank, buy food, clothing or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist—the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation’s economy and our individual well- being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will（）.
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Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own (1)______, I no longer imagine I can get through a (2)______day, much less all my life, (3)______on my own. Even if I am on (4)______in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has (5)______from cloth woven by others, using (6)______someone else is distributing to my house. (7)______of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this (8)______together. As I was growing up, (9)______. "Make your own way", "Stand on your own two feet", or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: "Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it!" Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture. I imagine that (10)______. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images, and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally "independent" and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help. (11)______. 11（）
全国主要流域水资源分布状况流域片水资源总量(亿立方米)地表水资源量(亿立方米)地下水资源量(亿立方米)地表水与地下资源重复量(亿立方米)降水量(亿立米)全国27460.226250.78299.37089.960415.5松花江1424.01211.4476.8264.24782.5辽河345.2255.4172.983.11586.2海河321.1130.8252.962.61862.9黄河827.3685.8426.3284.84417.9淮河1851.61520.8600.5269.63994.6长江10064.89959.72445.82340.618593.0东南诸河1312.41304.2400.8392.72486.1珠江4172.24159.11223.41210.37587.9西南诸河5771.65771.51406.41406.48925.7西北诸河1369.51252.0893.5775.76179.7 地下水资源总量高于地表水资源总量的是( )。
Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. It’s an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what’s the point if you can’t go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year—we just won’t go. Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What’s less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession—financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal(言语上的) aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it’s for," he explains. "They’ll say it’s to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they’ve achieved something. "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what’s going on with their finances, but they don’t. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you’re doing, who’s paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it." The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should（）.
Employers fear they will be unable to recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey (1) . Nearly half of the organisations told researchers they were already struggling to find (2) with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), (3) even more companies expect to experience (4) of employees with STEM skills in the next three years. The Confederation of British Industry (5) 694 businesses and organisations across the public and (6) sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people. Half are (7) they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to (8) enough employees with the right A-level skills. " (9) we move further into recovery and businesses plan (10) growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will (11) ," said Richard Lambert, Director General, CBI. "Firms say it is already hard to find people with the right (12) or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top (13) to encourage more young people to study science-related (14) ." The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects (15) they studied business, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers (16) least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don’t insist on a (17) degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject. The research (18) worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK (19) . Half of the employers expressed worries about employees’ basic literacy and numeracy (计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, (20) two-thirds reported concerns. 7（）
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