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Doubts and Debates over the Worth of MBA Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA ( Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. "If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one," said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. "But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ’ Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends. " The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires "extremely disappointing" and said "MBAs wants to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs. " The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power for beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do with out one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women’s movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. "They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business," said James Shaffer, vice president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review
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甲公司长期委托张某向乙公司购头原材料，后因张某有过错，甲公司解除了与张某的委托关系，但并未就此事通知乙公司，后张某仍以甲公司的名义向乙公司购买原材料，甲公司应对张某该行为产生的后果承担民事责任。( )
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中间密度脂蛋白中载脂蛋白的主要成分
The economic downsizing of the United States presents a good opportunity to address the downsizing of the average American, say doctors in an editorial published today in the Journal of the American Medical Association. They argue that the Obama administration’s economic stimulus plan, now being debated in the Senate, should include investments in infrastructure to decrease obesity. The idea is that improvements in public health would decrease obesity-related health and economic costs (estimated at $100 billion per year) and would position Americans to become more economically competitive, say the authors of the paper, Dr. David Ludwig, of Children’s Hospital Boston, and Harold Pollack, of the University of Chicago’s Center for Health Administration Studies. In the absence of such action, they say, obesity and public health are likely to worsen. "The economic downturn can be expected to reduce nutrition quality and physical activity, worsening obesity prevalence when society is least able to bear the escalating financial burden," they wrote. In times of economic stress, consumers tend to eat less costly, high-calorie products, they say. Membership in gyms, fitness classes and sports leagues declines. Some schools may even cut physical education time. The economic stimulus plan, however, could create jobs and invest in the nation’s health through such projects as building school kitchens to cook nutritious food; building sidewalks, bike paths, parks, sports facilities and community health centers; and changing government policies to revitalize farming. Today’s Los Angeles Times story on the stimulus plan debate notes that Senate Republicans object to a $75-million measure that would help people quit smoking in the package. That doesn’t promise well for other public-health enhancements to the bill. But you can’t blame health experts for trying. Here’s how Ludwig and Pollack put it: "Does U.S. society wish to produce vast amounts of low-quality food, neglect the social in-frastructure to support physical activity, and sustain the inevitable economic and social harms of obesity-related diseases Or will this opportunity to align economic and social policies with the interests of public health be seized by implementing a comprehensive, national obesity strategy Failure to act now could ultimately cost society much more than even the sub-prime mortgage crisis.\ In the economic downturn, obesity and public health are likely to worsen because of lower level of______.
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