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The world’s population keeps growing. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in a further 75 years. Experts have long been concerned about such a growth. Where will we fund the food, water, jobs, houses, schools and health to care for all these peopleA major new study shows that the situation may be changing. A large and rapid drop in the world’s birth rates has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations.Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away from home instead of having children. And more governments, especially in developing nations, now support family planning programs to reduce population growth.China is one of the nations that have achieved great progress in reducing its population growth. China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970.Each Chinese family is now urged to have no more than one child. And the hope is to reach a zero population growth with the total number of births equaling the total number of deaths by the year 2003.Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts said that these nations could face a serious shortage of workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people. Which of the following is true according to the talk().
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Directions: For each numbered blank in, the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed below. Choose the correct answer.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change (1) the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes (2) considered taboo can become perfectly (3) and natural (4) another point in time. Topics such as death, fro example, were once considered so (5) and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the (6) of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more (7) of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, (8) a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. (9) many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to fat. The " (10) " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their (11) as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought (12) as lazy and (13) in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out". It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become (14) with staying slim and "in shape". The (15) of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason for America’s obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the (16) importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do (17) hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and (18) to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found (19) , and many companies are providing special exercise (20) for their employees to use during the work day.
There’s no doubt that the computer has enlarged man’s working capacity as well as his intellectual capacity enormously. Er … but it brings with it dangers to match the benefits. Now by this, I mean danger to physical and mental well being of the people who work at computer terminals, not the dangers to personal privacy or national or industrial security.There’s one very alarming set of statistics, which come from a survey done in the UK on 800 pregnant women, who happened to use computer terminals for a major part of their working day. In no less than 36% of the subjects there was some severe abnormality during the pregnancy, enough to make a termination necessary. Now these figures compare significantly with a control group of pregnant women of the same age but who did not work with computer terminals. The incidence of severe abnormalities in their case was only 16%. This survey confirms similar investigations carried out in Denmark, Canada, Australia and the USA. Now, no one yet has a clear idea about the exact connection between working with computer terminals and the problems with pregnancy, but the figures at least suggest that there’s, well, a cause for alarm.In more general terms, increased stress and disturbances to vision have been noted in workers exposed for long periods to the video screen, and in many countries trade unions of workers involved with computers have laid down their own guidelines to protect members’ health. For instance, rest periods, or a change of activity from time to time are recommended, and the terminal should be placed so that there’s a source of natural light, and something else to look at, no blank walls behind the terminal, in other words, so that the operator has a chance to rest his eyes from time to time.Ironically, it seems that it’s not only those who work with computers are at risk. Er … there’s perhaps more danger for people who use computers for interest or pleasure in their own homes. Now, it’s obviously not possible to impose in the privacy of people’s homes the sort of safeguards that can be applied in the working environment. Most people get so fascinated by what they are doing that they stay in front of the screen for hours on end; some are real fanatics!But they’re also using their computers in environment, which are not specially designed. Er … they may be dusty or hot, and not particularly well — lit on the whole.An English magazine for computer enthusiasts recently ran its own survey. The readers were invited. To send in an account of any health problems they felt were connected with the use of their computers. Interestingly, a long list emerged of complaints both serious and less serious, ranging from constipation because of the long hours spent in sedentary inactivity, and backache due to crouching over an inconveniently positioned keyboard, erm, right through to a general sense of fatigue owing to having puzzled over a problem for longer than was sensible.The visual disturbances mentioned above were also very common. Some readers who already suffered from short sight found that the condition had worsened, and a rare complaint， but still one suffered by a significant number，was an itching of the face，which in some cases attracting dust from the atmosphere，which irritates exposed skin. And …this is an example of a complaint which is rare in the work situation because there is usually some form of air—conditioning，and quite simply not SO much dust and fluff in the air as in a normal home.Precautions for both types of terminal users remain essentially the same：So，first of all， make sure that there’s an alternative source of light from that of the screen itself. Secondly，rest your eyes frequently，if possible looking at something in the distance to give them a change from the close focus used on the screen. Thirdly, make sure the screen is properly tuned; a shaky or fuzzy image can cause nausea or headaches. Fourthly, make sure your seat and working area are designed so that you’re sitting in a comfortable position，not er …screwed up or bent over. And finally, get up regularly and walk about the room. Better still，go out into the flesh air occasionally. Sitting still for hours on end is the best way to legs being particularly good for the digestion.These are all common—sense precautions, but how many home—computer owners wrapped up in the intricacies of some programming problem, or fascinated by some game，are going to remember to use their common sense Does a generation of short—sighted, constipated, hunched, migraine sufferers with skin problems and circulatory troubles await us Exposing for long periods to the video screen causes disturbances to vision and ().
对某些人来说，克隆不克隆的问题在某种意义上可以比作是生还是死的问题。
Millions of dollars are spent every year in fighting tooth decay. Despite better education and a higher standard of living, the number of people needing dental treatment increases every year. A British dentist, Mr. R.V. Tait, has thought about why this is the case, and has made some suggestions about what could be done to improve the situation.He has pointed out that our thirty-two teeth evolved in the past to deal with a much tougher diet than we have now. Our ancestors ate tough gritty food, and so they needed many teeth. Our teeth, however, do not have to cope with such a diet, because we eat much softer food. Unless, therefore, we are prepared to eat the diet of our ancestors, we should get rid of some of our teeth. Instead of thirty-two teeth, it would be better if we had a well-spaced set of twenty to twenty-four. This would force the rest to work harder and make them more healthy.Another advantage would be that with larger spaces between our teeth, caries could not develop, as it does now, between teeth that are very close together. Furthermore, most extractions would be done during childhood when teeth can be extracted easily, and sockets heal with little pain.Mr. Tait’s theory is original and convincing. It is a remarkable piece of work, because most dentists believe we should keep as many of our teeth as possible. It is unlikely, unfortunately, that they will be persuaded by his ideas. According to Mr. Tait, what should we do to improve the situation of tooth decay().
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