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Once found "almost entirely in the western United States and in Asia, dinosaur fossils are now being discovered on all seven continents. A host of new revelations emerged in 1998 that promise to reshape scientists’ views of dinosaurs, including what they looked like and when and where they lived. It is doubtful that Tyrannosaurus Re had lips or that Triceratops had cheeks, says Lawrence Witmer, an assistant professor of anatomy at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. Witmer was a leading researcher for a study on dinosaur anatomy that was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology, which concluded on October 3 in Snowbird, Utah. Witmer’s study reached its conclusions by using high - tech computerized aial tomography (CT or CAT) scans along with comparative anatomy studies. For example, the theory that Triceratops and similar dinosaur species had cheeks was based on past comparisons with mammals such as sheep. But Witmer’s careful analysis found the structure of the Triceratops jaw and skull made it more likely that Triceratops had a beak like that of an eagle. Witmer said that scientists should use birds and crocodiles as models when researching the appearance of dinosaurs. In early October scientists announced that they had confirmed the discovery of a new type of ceratopsian dinosaur. The dinosaur’s bones, found in New Mexico in 1996, are forcing paleontologists to rethink their theories about when ceratopsians migrated to what is now North America. Scientists previously thought that ceratopsians, the group that included the well - known Triceratops, arrived in North America from Asia between 70 million and 80 million years ago. During this time, the late Cretaceous Period, the earth’s two supercontinents -- Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south -- were in the process of pulling apart, cutting dinosaur populations off from each other and interrupting migratory patterns. The fossilized bones, found by eight - year - old Christopher Wolfe and his father, paleontologist Doug Wolfe of the Mesa Southwest Museum in Arizona, date to about 90 million years ago. This could mean that ceratopsians originated in North America and migrated to Asia rather than the reverse, paleontologists said. Doug Wolfe named the important new species of dinosaur Zuniceratops Christopher after his son. An expedition from the University of Alaska in Anchorage and Fairbanks has discovered a region in remote northern Alaska so rich in fossilized dinosaur tracks that team members dubbed it the "dinosaur epressway". The trampled area was found during the summer of 1998 on Alaska’s North Slope near the Brooks Range. The team found 13 new track sites and made casts from the prints of five different types of dinosaurs. The rock in which the prints were found dates to more than 100 million years ago, or about 25 million years older than the previously discovered signs of dinosaurs in the Arctic region. Paleontologists said that the new findings provide important evidence that dinosaurs migrated between Asia and North America during the early and mid -Cretaceous Period, before Asia split off into its own continent. Two rich fossil sites in the hills of Bolivia have been recently discovered, exciting paleontologists and dinosaur buffs. This discovery includes one of the most spectacular dinosaur trackways ever found. The discovery of a large site in the mountain region of Kila Kila in southern Bolivia was announced in early October. Here scientists found the tracks of at least two unknown species of dinosaur. These included a large quadruped dinosaur that was probably about 20m (about 70ft) long. The other site, located not far from the Bolivian city of Sucre, was uncovered in a cement quarry by workers several years ago but was not brought to paleontologists’ attention until the middle of 1998. The site features a vertical wall covered with thousands of dinosaur prints representing more than 100 different species. The tracks date back to between 65 million and 70 million years ago. Since dinosaurs are believed to have died out around 65 million years ago, the prints were likely made by some of the last dinosaurs on earth. Scientists speculated that the tracks were made at the edge of a lake or swamp and were then hardened and preserved. The rock containing the tracks was then pushed into a vertical position over millions of years of geologic activity. Dinosaur eggs have also been found at the site, which paleontologists are working to preserve before it falls victim to erosion. Paleontologists hope to study the site and learn about the diet and physical characteristics of the dinosaurs that are represented there. The discovery of a new type of ceratopsian dinosaur suggests ceratopsians ______.
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[听力原文]8-10M: Hello, Lucy. This is Mac. How are youW: Fine, thank you. A bit too busy, though, you know, I’ m trying to put everything in order in my new apartment.M: Oh, I sec. Well, I was wondering if you’ d like to go to a concert tomorrow evening. I think it’ll be good. And if I remember correctly, you did say you like pop music.W: Yes, that’ s right. I do. It’ s nice of you to ask me, Mac. But I don’ t think I can. Margaret has already asked me to see a friend and then we’ll go to the cine ma together. In fact, she’ s getting the tickets this evening.M: Oh, well. Never mind. What about next weekend This concert is still on then, I think, if you’ re free next Saturday.W: Oh, I’ d tike to very much, but what time exactlyM: Well, it starts at 7:00 p.m., I think.W: Oh, good, that’ll be fine. The basketball match will be over by 5: 30, I’ m sure.M: Good, I’ll call you again when I get the tickers.W: Sure. Bye for now. When will the basketball match be over（）
I was born in Feb. 12,1809,in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families--second families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now reside in Adams, and others in Macon countries, Illinois. My paternal grandfather, Abraham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockingham County, Virginia, to Kentucky, about 1781 or 1782, where, a year or two later, he was killed by Indians, not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pennsylvania. An effort to identify them with the New - England family of the same name ended in nothing more definite, than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mordecei, Solomon, Abraham, and the like. My father, at the death of his father, was but six years of age, and he grew up, literally without education. He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came in the Union. It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up. There were some schools, so-called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher, beyond "reading, writing, and ciphering" to the Rule of Three. If a struggler supposed to understand Latin, happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizzard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher to the Rule of Three, but that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education, I have picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm work, which I continued till I was twenty-two. At twenty-one I came to Illinois, and passed the first year in Illinois--Macon County. Then I got to New-Salem( at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard County), where I remained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. Then came the Black-Hawk War; and I was elected a Captain of volunteers--a success which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign ,was elated, ran for the Legislature the same year (1832) and was beaten--the only time I have been beaten by the people. The next, and three succeeding biennial elections, I was elected to the Legislature. I was not a candidate afterwards. During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to practice it. In 1846, I was once elected to the Lower House of Congress. Was not a candidate for reelection From 1849 to 1854, both inclusive, practiced law more assiduously than ever before. Always a Whig in politics, and generally on the Whig electoral tickets, making active canvasses. I was losing interest in politics, when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise aroused me again. What I have done since then is pretty well-known. If any personal description of us is thought desirable, it may be said, I am, in height, six feet four inches, nearly; lean in flesh, weighing on an average, one hundred and eighty pounds; dark complexion, with coarse black hair, and grey hair, grey eyes--no other masks or brands recollected. The general tone of this passage can be described as ______.
The Land of Disney Predicting the future is always risky. But it’s probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th -century as America’s "Disney era. " Today, it’s certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca - Cola and McDonalds may be more widely - known, but neither encapsulates 20th -century America in quite the same way as Disney. The reasons for Disney’s success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person--the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single - handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising--something his company still does brilliantly today. But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the "little guy", and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of the ordinary people. Some celebrated American achievements -- Disney’s very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuring a silent Mickey House, was inspired by Charles Lindbergh’s flight acorss the Atlantic. Others, like the Three little pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping one’s fellow man, ordinary Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression. Disney’s other great virtue was the fact that his company--unlike other big corporations--had a human face. His Hollywood studio--the public heard--operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first - name terms and had a stay in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War 1I , his studios made training films for American soldiers. The reality, of course, was less idyllic, as the public would later learn Disney’s patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941. he became convinced that Hollywood bad been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were subversives. But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans--in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organisations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, in which he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents. By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he was "Uncle Walt" --the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America. Since his death, not much has changed. In 1986, he was attacked as a Mc Carthyist, a supporter of big business, and a purveyor of "subliterate" entertainment. However, none of it has made any difference to the general public. Their loyalty to Uncle Walt remains as strong as ever. Walt Disney became an icon after his death not because ______.
Once found "almost entirely in the western United States and in Asia, dinosaur fossils are now being discovered on all seven continents. A host of new revelations emerged in 1998 that promise to reshape scientists’ views of dinosaurs, including what they looked like and when and where they lived. It is doubtful that Tyrannosaurus Re had lips or that Triceratops had cheeks, says Lawrence Witmer, an assistant professor of anatomy at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. Witmer was a leading researcher for a study on dinosaur anatomy that was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology, which concluded on October 3 in Snowbird, Utah. Witmer’s study reached its conclusions by using high - tech computerized aial tomography (CT or CAT) scans along with comparative anatomy studies. For example, the theory that Triceratops and similar dinosaur species had cheeks was based on past comparisons with mammals such as sheep. But Witmer’s careful analysis found the structure of the Triceratops jaw and skull made it more likely that Triceratops had a beak like that of an eagle. Witmer said that scientists should use birds and crocodiles as models when researching the appearance of dinosaurs. In early October scientists announced that they had confirmed the discovery of a new type of ceratopsian dinosaur. The dinosaur’s bones, found in New Mexico in 1996, are forcing paleontologists to rethink their theories about when ceratopsians migrated to what is now North America. Scientists previously thought that ceratopsians, the group that included the well - known Triceratops, arrived in North America from Asia between 70 million and 80 million years ago. During this time, the late Cretaceous Period, the earth’s two supercontinents -- Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south -- were in the process of pulling apart, cutting dinosaur populations off from each other and interrupting migratory patterns. The fossilized bones, found by eight - year - old Christopher Wolfe and his father, paleontologist Doug Wolfe of the Mesa Southwest Museum in Arizona, date to about 90 million years ago. This could mean that ceratopsians originated in North America and migrated to Asia rather than the reverse, paleontologists said. Doug Wolfe named the important new species of dinosaur Zuniceratops Christopher after his son. An expedition from the University of Alaska in Anchorage and Fairbanks has discovered a region in remote northern Alaska so rich in fossilized dinosaur tracks that team members dubbed it the "dinosaur epressway". The trampled area was found during the summer of 1998 on Alaska’s North Slope near the Brooks Range. The team found 13 new track sites and made casts from the prints of five different types of dinosaurs. The rock in which the prints were found dates to more than 100 million years ago, or about 25 million years older than the previously discovered signs of dinosaurs in the Arctic region. Paleontologists said that the new findings provide important evidence that dinosaurs migrated between Asia and North America during the early and mid -Cretaceous Period, before Asia split off into its own continent. Two rich fossil sites in the hills of Bolivia have been recently discovered, exciting paleontologists and dinosaur buffs. This discovery includes one of the most spectacular dinosaur trackways ever found. The discovery of a large site in the mountain region of Kila Kila in southern Bolivia was announced in early October. Here scientists found the tracks of at least two unknown species of dinosaur. These included a large quadruped dinosaur that was probably about 20m (about 70ft) long. The other site, located not far from the Bolivian city of Sucre, was uncovered in a cement quarry by workers several years ago but was not brought to paleontologists’ attention until the middle of 1998. The site features a vertical wall covered with thousands of dinosaur prints representing more than 100 different species. The tracks date back to between 65 million and 70 million years ago. Since dinosaurs are believed to have died out around 65 million years ago, the prints were likely made by some of the last dinosaurs on earth. Scientists speculated that the tracks were made at the edge of a lake or swamp and were then hardened and preserved. The rock containing the tracks was then pushed into a vertical position over millions of years of geologic activity. Dinosaur eggs have also been found at the site, which paleontologists are working to preserve before it falls victim to erosion. Paleontologists hope to study the site and learn about the diet and physical characteristics of the dinosaurs that are represented there. The discovery of dinosaur fossil sites in Bolivia is eciting because of the following reasons EXCEPT ______.
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