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Nearly all surgical stunts stick themselves with needles and (62) instruments while in training. But (63) fail to report the injuries, (64) their health and that of their families and patients to the threat of (65) disease, according to a survey by Dr. Makary and colleagues being published today. Their being (66) was the chief reason the surgical residents (67) for the injuries, which were mostly (68) . The survey revealed that young surgeons didn’t report the potentially fatal injuries for a range of reasons. (69) a time surgeons feel that doing so would take too much time, could (70) career opportunities and might cause a loss of face among (71) . In addition, there was a (72) belief that getting even timely medical attention would not prevent infection. "It’s been long (73) , but no one truly appreciated the (74) of the problem," said Martin Makary. "Every surgeon is (75) to be on anti-HIV medications and is at risk for contracting HIV and hepatitis at far higher rates than we suspected." "Part of the surgical culture has been maintaining the patient first at all cost, and when an accident occurs in the operating room, the surgeon’s (76) inclination is to continue with the operation," he said. "But the extent of the problem is much greater than we thought. Previous estimates of injuries understate the seriousness of the problem, (77) mast of the injuries are not being recorded." "More hospitals need to do a better job in protection", Makary said. "They need more appropriate and more timely surgical systems (78) surgeons can get medical treatment immediately, not after a long (79) process that takes them away from the patient." The findings (80) the need for "immediate steps to improve safety and care for health care workers to reduce the spread of HIV and hepatitis infection," he said. The hospitals could (81) so-called "sharpies" technologies where possible, including electric scalpels, clips and glues.
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经风险调整的资本收益率，公式是RAROC=(收益-预期损失)/经济资本(或非预期损失)。( )
根据英国银行家协会、国际掉期和衍生品交易协会、风险管理协会及普华永道咨询公司的意见，巴塞尔委员会对操作风险所下的定义是( )。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a financial-aid officer at an Ohio university, knows all too well the daunting calculus of paying for a college education. Last year the average yearly tuition at a private, four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than $17,000. The Harts have started saving, and figure they can afford a public university without a problem. But what if Katie applies to Princeton (she’s threatening), where one year’s tuition, room and board — almost $34,000 in 2002 — will cost more than some luxury cars Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it’s a little scary, especially since she’ll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time. Paying for college has always been a humbling endeavor. The good news: last year students collected $74 billion in financial aid, the most ever. Most families pay less than full freight. Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form of financial aid — mostly, these days, in the form of loans. But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families, because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid. Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they’re throwing more aid at smarter kids— whether they need it or not. The best way to prepare is to start saving early. A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families. So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified education expenses" like tuition, room and board. The plans aren’t for everyone. For tax reasons, some lower-and middle-income families may be better off choosing other investments. But saving is vital. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the Harts A) The difficulty of paying the tuition. C) The far-sight of the parents. B) The increasing tuition in the university. D) The promising future of Katie.
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