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[说明] 通过信息化增强企业的核心竞争力，信息技术对于企业发展的战略意义逐渐技企业界所认同。然而，当企业豪情满怀地将巨资投在各种“IT系统”上，期待着“利润滚滚来”时，他们最后发现，精良的设备和先进的技术有时并没有为企业创造实实在在的效益、提升企业的竞争力。相反，那些昂贵的“IT系统”常常让他们骑虎难下。这种尴尬和无奈被称为“信息悖沦”或“IT黑洞”。 如何走出这“信息悖沦”的沼泽地呢专家们给出的答案是：管理重于技术。要改变以往那种“激情澎湃、热血沸腾”式的非理性IT投资方式，就必须对IT项目的投资过程进行理性管理、研究IT项目投资的必要性和可行性、准确计量IT项H投资的成本和效益，并在此基础上进行投资评价和责任追究。 IT财务管理作为重要的IT系统管理流程，可以解决IT投资预算、IT成本、效益核算和投资评价等问题，从而为高层管理提供决策支持。因此，企业要走出“信息悖论”的沼泽，通过IT财务管理流程对IT服务项目的规划、实施和运作进行量化管理是一种有效的于段。 IT会计核算的主要目标在于，通过量化IT服务运作过程中所耗费的成本和收益，为IT服务管理人员提供考核依据和决策信息。它所包括的活动主要有： (9) 、 (10) 、 (11) 和 (12) 。这些活动分别实现了对IT项目成本和收益的事中和事后控制。 对 (13) 进行定义是 (9) 的第一步。 (13) 是成本项目进一步细分的结果，如硬件可以进一步分为办公室硬件、网络硬件以及中央服务器硬件等。 (13) 一般可以按部门、客户或产品等划分标准进行定义。 为了达到控制的目的，IT会计人员需要将每月、每年的实际数据与相应的预算、计划数据进行比较，发现差异，调查、分析差异产生的原因，并对差异进行适当处理。IT会计人员需要注意的差异一般包括成本差异、收益差异、服务级别和差异和工作量差异。
Text 3 Myths, fallacies and fads (一时的风尚) have been built up over centuries. They change a bit but they are endurable and keep coming back in a slightly different form. From the medicine man to the present food faddist, it has been a profitable business to exploit them. But many people sincerely believe them. The primitive hunter believed that his courage would be increased if he ate the heart of a hero or a lion. This is one myth that most of us can laugh about, but don’t be too sure someone doesn’t still believe this. The belief that fish is brain food may have orginated in some areas where protein foods were scarce except for fish. It may well have been that those pregnant women and infants who ate fish were more intelligent than those who ate exclusively vegetables, fruits and grains. A relatively new fact resulting from research has shown that the number of brain cells is smaller when the protein eaten by the mother and the baby is lower than it should be. In that case, fish was a brain food, but so are all sources of protein. Many religions use food for symbolism as in the bread and wine of communion or in the restriction of certain foods on special occasions such as the use of meats on fast days by the Catholic or the use of pork by the Jews and Mohammedans(伊斯兰教徒). The rules for slaughtering animals by the Jews and the Mohammedans are another example. And to a Hindu(印度教的信仰者), a cow is a sacred animal protected from slaughter and from use as food. Other foods are forbidden to Hindus and the most pious are strict vegetarians who do not even eat eggs. Many young people today are turning to Hinduism and Buddhism and adopting the food restrictions of those religions. Class and wealth determine food habits also. In many cultures, the lower classes were forbidden to eat some foods. These were usually reserved for the higher classes. The use of white rice in many Asian countries was limited to the wealthy because they could afford the cost of milling. This constituted status. When people came to Hawaii they found that white rice was available to everyone, but they still felt that they had reached a higher status even though the white rice was lower in nutritional value than the whole grain rice. Food gives emotional satisfaction in many ways. Some people eat because they are frustrated and unhappy. The reducing diets which promise that you can eat your weight off appeal to this kind of person. Milk is tied of memories of home and mother so people away from home drink more milk. The scare technique of telling people that their food is poisoned by sprays or chemical fertilizers, or does not have adequate nutritive value because it is grown on worn-out soil, seems to be modern. These people claim that organic fertilizer is the only way to grow high value foods. Actually, if soil is worn out, the nutritive value of a pound of food grown on it is the same as that grown on soil fertilized either organically or inorganically. There simply will be more pounds growing on the fertilized field. The highest yield of all is reported by some as coming from soil which is fertilized both ways. Why did the author write this text
主页是个人或机构的基本信息页面，它一般包含的基本元素有：文本、 【2】 、表格和超链接。
[说明] 通过信息化增强企业的核心竞争力，信息技术对于企业发展的战略意义逐渐技企业界所认同。然而，当企业豪情满怀地将巨资投在各种“IT系统”上，期待着“利润滚滚来”时，他们最后发现，精良的设备和先进的技术有时并没有为企业创造实实在在的效益、提升企业的竞争力。相反，那些昂贵的“IT系统”常常让他们骑虎难下。这种尴尬和无奈被称为“信息悖沦”或“IT黑洞”。 如何走出这“信息悖沦”的沼泽地呢专家们给出的答案是：管理重于技术。要改变以往那种“激情澎湃、热血沸腾”式的非理性IT投资方式，就必须对IT项目的投资过程进行理性管理、研究IT项目投资的必要性和可行性、准确计量IT项H投资的成本和效益，并在此基础上进行投资评价和责任追究。 IT财务管理作为重要的IT系统管理流程，可以解决IT投资预算、IT成本、效益核算和投资评价等问题，从而为高层管理提供决策支持。因此，企业要走出“信息悖论”的沼泽，通过IT财务管理流程对IT服务项目的规划、实施和运作进行量化管理是一种有效的于段。 IT财务管理，是负责对IT服务运作过程中所涉及的所有资源进行(1)的流程。该服务管理流程包括三个环节，它们分别是 (2) 、 (3) 和 (4) 。
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