The new-technology revolution in American newspapers has brought increased circulations, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs in spite of reduced manning in the composing rooms. Payrolls in the publishing industry more than doubled in a decade from $3.1 billion in 1972 to $6.3 billion in 1981. Capital investment, largely as a result of re-equipment with new technology, doubled from $554m in 1972 to $1.02 billion in 1981. Circulation of weekly newspapers has grown from 21m in 1960 to 49m in 1985. Big city dailies have remained relatively static, with total circulation going from 58m to 63m. Sunday papers, though, have grown more dramatically from 8.6m to 56m. This reflects the trend toward specialisation. Growth has been especially strong in the number and circulation of suburban and small-community newspapers. In 1965 there were only 357 semi-weekly papers; in 1982, 508. There has also been a dramatic rise in newspapers circulating nationwide something that hardly existed in the old days. The Wall Street Journal is producing regional editions that have catapulted it into becoming the nation’s largest-circulation newspaper, a role formerly held by the New York Daily News. In addition, USA Today and the New York Times have used technological advances, particularly satellite-delivery of pages to regional production facilities, to achieve unprecedented growth. A number of daily papers have added Sunday editions -made possible through the new technology in response to demand from advertisers. Total newspaper employment, according to government statistics, rose from 345,000 in 1965 to 443,000 in 1984 and that figure does not fully cover the multitude of local papers. But the International Typographical Union, which formerly had a firm grip on nearly all printing jobs, has shrunk from over 100,000 in 1967 to 40,000 today, of whom about 4,000 are in fact retired members. The prospect is that the union may be reduced to 5,000 members in the near future. According to Jim Cesnik of the 33,000-member journalists’ union, the Newspaper Guild, employment of journalists has grown but not to the same extent as that of sales people pushing advertising and circulation. The guild, however, has few members on the small local papers. The New York Times spent $2m on radio advertising to boost home-delivery of the paper in the first nine months of 1985 -a campaign responding to a fall in the number of streetside news-stands. The general growth in circulations has helped increase advertising revenue among dailies from $15 billion in 1965 to $66 billion in 1982. An interesting development noted by Charles Cole, a consultant to the 1,375-member American Newspaper Publishers Association, is that local newspapers have expanded their news-gathering teams, and some now send people abroad as well as having representatives in many American cities. Other departments in papers have also advanced, according to Cole. For example, mail rooms of many newspapers employ up to 25% more people handling the national advertising inserts that have become common. However, more automatic machinery may well reduce manning here. From paragraph 6, we learn that the International Typographical Union

A. is closing down in the near future.
B. is losing its markets to its competitors.
C. still controls almost all the printing jobs.
D. has a bright future in face of the difficulties.