Despite the fact that a wide range of reading materials was specially written or______for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.
A. adapted
B. acknowledged
C. assembled
D. appointed
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In order to comprehend the (31) realities of labor market discrimination (32) females, it is (33) to understand both its function and its origins. Functionally, labor market segmentation (34) a number of purposes. It provides a (35) labor supply to accommodate the anarchy of the market while reducing the risks to capital; it divides labor into antagonistic groups based on pre-existing social divisions, (36) prevents the recognition of the common conflict of all labor with employers; it allows employers to divide (37) the market and pay the (38) necessary price for each group of workers (just as the airlines divide up the (39) market among business travelers, youth, families, pensioners, vacationers, et cetera, so as to extract the (40) price from each group); and it provides the employer (41) different sets of labor characteristics that are required by (42) types and levels of operation. The origin of this labor market segmen- tation (43) in the transition from the household form of production, with its (44) division of labor, which recognizes power of the family, (45) the industrial capitalist form of production. Women as a group have never totally escaped from household production, (46) economically socially. The result is the relegation of women to those unskilled (in the sense of marketable credentials) jobs (47) that are a market extension of home production or, given to low productivity of homework, to the emerging labor intensive occupations that rely on low wages, such as clerical work. The women’s role in reproduction has also encouraged a broken pattern of labor market participation that has traditionally blocked (48) to employers to the class struggle put up primarily by male workers (49) the degradation of work under industrial capitalism, which (50) the capture of high-productivity, high-wage jobs for the primary male work.
A. sex
B. sexual
C. sexy
D. sex’s
Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him, and afterward when you say to this person "the world today" or "life" or "reality", he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he carries the stamp of that passing moment forever. For me, this moment—four years in a moment in history—was the war. The war was and is reality for me. I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. These are some of its characteristics: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the President of the United States, and he always has been. The other two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. America is not, never has been, and never will be what the songs and poems call it, a land of plenty. Nylon, meat, gasoline and steel are rare. There are too many jobs and not enough workers. Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend, because there isn’t very much to buy. Trains are always late and always crowded with "service men". The war will always be fought very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands still for very long, including the people who are always either leaving or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a harmonious setting for the sixteen year olds of the world. When you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. You do not foresee it. To waste anything in America is immoral. String and tinfoil are treasures. Newspapers are always crowded with strange maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to lurch from its path when you see something in the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed hanging upside down on a meathook. Which statement best describes the main idea of the first paragraph
A. Reality is what you make of it.
B. Time is like a river.
C. Emotions are powerful.
D. Every person has a special moment.
Which of the following is right to be put after "Yesterday we noticed a hole in the roof. so now..."
A. the roof needed fixing
B. we had the roof fixed
C. we fixed the roof ourselves
D. we are having the roof fixed
Publicity offers several benefits. There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $ 250, 000 to $ 5, 000, 000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are costs for news releases, a publicity department, and other items. As with advertising, publicity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like.For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. A few ministers and other private citizens believed resulted in the firm receiving 15, 000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone. To combat this negative publicity, the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy that refuted the rumors, threatened to sue those people spreading the stories, and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America. The media cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter & Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or a new store is opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story: it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored fobs program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper. The author mentions all of the following advantages of publicity except ().
A. having no time costs.
B. having attentiveness.
C. having high credibility.
D. having high profitability.