An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is built upon a commercial (34) that promises the seamless (35) of all the information flowing through the company -- financial, accounting, human resources, supply chain and customer information. In implementation, all ERP systems include several features. The system is installed on a typical database management system. It requires initial setup according to the organization’s process, but it may be (36) according to the organization’s unique process requirements through a tool set contained within the ERP applications. Using ERP, (37) can be prescribed to automate approval processes through established chains of commanD. One of the methods used to effect rapid implementation of the ERP system is to conduct concurrent (38) sessions during the early stages of ERP implementation. 34()
A. operating system
B. middleware
C. software package
D. management system
A project management technique that is currently in widespread use is the (27) . The purpose of this technique is to detail, in hierarchical fashion, all of the activities that are required to meet project objectives. There are some special activities called (28) , which are events that signify the accomplishment or completion of major deliverables during the project. Most system development methodologies also provide (29) , whose purpose is to contain the various pieces of relevant information - feasibility assessments, schedules, needs analysis, and so forth - in a single place so that they can be presented to project clients and other related parties. Several types of important network diagrams are used in project management. (30) was developed to make clear the interdependence between project tasks before those tasks are scheduled. (31) offers the advantage of dearly showing overlapping tasks. 29()
A. baseline plan
B. project planning
C. statement of work
D. information system planning
Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. (61) But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in gene therapy and protein targeted drugs, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of diseases. From an economic standpoint, the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. (62) Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed, short term therapies now being developed. By 2050 there will be fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma(外伤). Spending on nonacute(慢性病的) care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death. One result of medicine’s success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy. (63) The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter, but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest growing segment of the population. Between 1980 and 1995,the U.S. population as a whole increased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300%. (64) There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago. U.S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million in 2050, compared with 37,000 in 1990. (65) Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year 2050, some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120 years. With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process, that limit could rise to 130 years or more.
Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.(25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is realIy quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (38) . This latter situation is not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones. 32().
A. variation
B. standardization
C. unification
D. transformation