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A.Flat Tax Income tax is a direct tax which is levied on the income of private individuals.There are various income tax systems that exist.ranging frOm a flat tax to an extensive progressive tax systern. A flat tax,also cal led a proportional tax,is a system that taxes.Usual ly the flat tax is proposed to k ick in at a certain income level,or to exempt income below that level,so that the lowest-income members of society don’t need to pay income tax. Proposed flat taxes usually allow little or no exemption of earned income besides the bottom-level exemption. Advocates of a flat tax claim that it will end unfair discrimination.They also argue that flat taxes are easier(and cheaper)to administer and comply with than complex,graduated taxes.Most political parties that advocate the introduction of a flat tax are on the right of the pol itical spectrum.B.Progressive Tax A progressive tax,or graduated tax,is a tax that is larger as a percentage of income for those with larger incomes.It is usually applied in reference to income taxes,where people with more income pay a higher percentage of it in taxes.The term progressive refers to the way the rate progresses from low to high.C.Regressive Tax A regressive tax is a tax which takes a larger percentage of income from people whose income is low. A tax which places placesonately more of a burden on those with lower incomes. Regressive taxes,as opposed to progressive taxes,are more burdensome on lower-income individuals than on higher-income individuals and corporations.D.Tax Deduction Within the United States’income tax system,a tax deduction,or" tax-deductible expense" ,is an item which is subtracted from gross income in order to arrive at the taxable income. Effectively,the taxpayer pays no income tax on the amount of money he spent on tax-deductible expenses.For example.if an individual earns$50,000 in a year and gives $5,000 to tax-deductible charities,he will end up paying income tax as though he had earned only$45,000 that year.In this way,the federal and state governments encourage certain types of spending.E.Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion Tax avoidance is the legal exploitation of the tax regime to one’s own advantage,to attempt to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law whilst making a full disclosure of the materialinformation to the tax authorities. Tax evasion,on the other hand,is a crime.Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability,and includes,in particular,dishonest tax reporting,such as under-declared income,profits or gains;or overstated deductions. The more money you earn,the more taxes you should pay in terms of income tax.

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A.Flat Tax Income tax is a direct tax which is levied on the income of private individuals.There are various income tax systems that exist.ranging frOm a flat tax to an extensive progressive tax systern. A flat tax,also cal led a proportional tax,is a system that taxes.Usual ly the flat tax is proposed to k ick in at a certain income level,or to exempt income below that level,so that the lowest-income members of society don’t need to pay income tax. Proposed flat taxes usually allow little or no exemption of earned income besides the bottom-level exemption. Advocates of a flat tax claim that it will end unfair discrimination.They also argue that flat taxes are easier(and cheaper)to administer and comply with than complex,graduated taxes.Most political parties that advocate the introduction of a flat tax are on the right of the pol itical spectrum.B.Progressive Tax A progressive tax,or graduated tax,is a tax that is larger as a percentage of income for those with larger incomes.It is usually applied in reference to income taxes,where people with more income pay a higher percentage of it in taxes.The term progressive refers to the way the rate progresses from low to high.C.Regressive Tax A regressive tax is a tax which takes a larger percentage of income from people whose income is low. A tax which places placesonately more of a burden on those with lower incomes. Regressive taxes,as opposed to progressive taxes,are more burdensome on lower-income individuals than on higher-income individuals and corporations.D.Tax Deduction Within the United States’income tax system,a tax deduction,or" tax-deductible expense" ,is an item which is subtracted from gross income in order to arrive at the taxable income. Effectively,the taxpayer pays no income tax on the amount of money he spent on tax-deductible expenses.For example.if an individual earns$50,000 in a year and gives $5,000 to tax-deductible charities,he will end up paying income tax as though he had earned only$45,000 that year.In this way,the federal and state governments encourage certain types of spending.E.Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion Tax avoidance is the legal exploitation of the tax regime to one’s own advantage,to attempt to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law whilst making a full disclosure of the materialinformation to the tax authorities. Tax evasion,on the other hand,is a crime.Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability,and includes,in particular,dishonest tax reporting,such as under-declared income,profits or gains;or overstated deductions. This tax system ensures that the people with the lowest income don’t have to pay income tax.

One of the most visible locational decisions on.a high technology firm was made by the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation(MCC).A joint venture of a dozen major computer and semi-conductor firms,MCC was founded to do research (21) advanced level technologies such as new generations of supercomputers,artificial intelligence and robotics. (22) a consortium created in 1982 by several firms,it had no home base or locational inertia,and began its search for a site by examining 57 cities across the country.The cities made polished sales pitches to lure the firm’s eventual 400 engineers and scientists.The four finalists in the chase-Atlantis,Austin,San Diego and Raleigh-Durham,in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, (23) .was particularly noted for high tech activity. When Austin was choosen。its attractions to MCC were widely analysed by other would-be Silicon Valleys.Austin,the state capital,iS the site of the main campus of the University of Texas,a school that (24) among the top twenty in the country in research funding.The university’s reputation,state commitments of further support,and the city’s proven quality of life attractiveness (25) high tech people were the deciding factors.Austin and the State of Texas added to these attractions a package of financial and other incentives,including a favorable lease on land in the university’s research park and subsidized mortgages (26) .relocating employees. (27) return Austin had got not only the MCC.In the typical snowballing manner of high tech areas,several other companies have decided to move research (28) other advanced technology facilities there.Lockheed Missiles and Space Company,3M Corporation,and Motorola are among the firms which have added to theagglomeration of technical workers there, (29) the expense of cities like Minneapolis and Phoenix,where the companies have other facilities.As a matter of fact,the entire 100 mile corridor between Austin and San Antonio is nicknamed“Silicon Gulch”.San Antonio is the site of several computer biotechnology and electronics companies. (30) the“Gulch”will rival the San Francisco Bay and Boston regions in high technology will depend on its ability to spawn a succession of new firms as technology advances and changes.

A. but
B. and
C. besides
D. for

简述拍卖的形式。

IV. A—Waiting and Boarding J—Customs Declaration Form B—Luggage Delivery K—Quantity Allowed to Take C—Inspection and Quarantine L—Regulations on Restriction of Liquids D—Getting a Boarding Pass M—Temporary Boarding ID Card E—Security Check N—Guide to Outgoing Passengers F—Domestic Departure O—Goods Prohibited to Exit the Country G Over-sized Luggage Checked-in P—Restriction of Hand Carry-on Articles H— Goods prohibited to be Hand-carried Q—Detection Passage I—Duty-free Articles ( ) 限带物品数量 ( ) 检查通道

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