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From this article we can conclude that （） contribute(s) to the remarkable long life of these people.
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Part 4Questions 1-20·Read the following passage and choose the best word for each space.The need for a surgical operation, (26) an emergency operation, almost always comes as a (27) shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an (28) fear of hospitals. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery — cutting into a part of the body as (29) to treatment with drugs.In the early years of this century there was (30) specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable (31) almost every operation that had been (32) . up to that time. Today the (33) is different. Operations are now being carried (34) that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a (35) and satisfactory life.The (36) of surgery has increase (37) in this century. Its safety has increase, too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended (38) many directions. The hospital stay after surgery has been (39) to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after their operation (40) may be back at work in two or three weeks.Many developments in modern surgery are almost (41) . One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is (42) of organ transplants, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to transplant (43) from one person to another which will (44) for periods of a year or more. Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals, (45) rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved. (28) should choose（）
Part 3Questions 1-7Directions: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D.At the time Jane Austin’s novels were published — between 1811 and 1818 — English literature was not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make so-called immoral characters so interesting that young readers would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of little practical use. Even Cole ridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that "novel-reading occasions the destruction of the mind’s powers."These attitudes toward novels help explain why Austin received little attention from early nineteenth-century literary critics. (In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive much critical attention.) The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive as twentieth-century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary experience", for example, Scott made an insightful remark about the merits of Austin’s fiction. "Her novels", wrote Scott, "present to the reader an accurate and exact picture of ordinary everyday people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth-century Flemish Painting." Scott did not use the word "realism", but he undoubtedly used a standard of realistic probability in judging novels, the critic Whately didn’t use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with Scott’s evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction in what we have called Austin’s realistic method. "Her characters", wrote Whately, "are persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons so clearly evoked that we feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own." "Moral instruction", explained Whately, "is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human and interesting characters than when imparted by a sermonizing narrator". Whitely especially praised Austin’s ability to create characters who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled." Whitely concluded his remarks by comparing Austin’s art of characterization to Dickens’, stating his preference to Austin’s.Yet the response of nineteenth-century literary critics to Austin was not always so laudatory, and often anticipated the reservations of twentieth century critics. An example of such a response was Lewes’ complaint in 1859 that Austin’s range of subjects and characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon only the unlofty and the commonplace. (Twentieth-century, Marxists, on the other hand, were to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class.) In any case, having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austin steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial. The author mentions that English literature " was not part of any academic curriculum" in the early nineteenth century in order to （）.
Part 3Questions 1-7Directions: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D.At the time Jane Austin’s novels were published — between 1811 and 1818 — English literature was not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make so-called immoral characters so interesting that young readers would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of little practical use. Even Cole ridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that "novel-reading occasions the destruction of the mind’s powers."These attitudes toward novels help explain why Austin received little attention from early nineteenth-century literary critics. (In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive much critical attention.) The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive as twentieth-century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary experience", for example, Scott made an insightful remark about the merits of Austin’s fiction. "Her novels", wrote Scott, "present to the reader an accurate and exact picture of ordinary everyday people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth-century Flemish Painting." Scott did not use the word "realism", but he undoubtedly used a standard of realistic probability in judging novels, the critic Whately didn’t use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with Scott’s evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction in what we have called Austin’s realistic method. "Her characters", wrote Whately, "are persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons so clearly evoked that we feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own." "Moral instruction", explained Whately, "is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human and interesting characters than when imparted by a sermonizing narrator". Whitely especially praised Austin’s ability to create characters who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled." Whitely concluded his remarks by comparing Austin’s art of characterization to Dickens’, stating his preference to Austin’s.Yet the response of nineteenth-century literary critics to Austin was not always so laudatory, and often anticipated the reservations of twentieth century critics. An example of such a response was Lewes’ complaint in 1859 that Austin’s range of subjects and characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon only the unlofty and the commonplace. (Twentieth-century, Marxists, on the other hand, were to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class.) In any case, having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austin steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions（）
4（）
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