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In many cultures people make a distinction between fine art and folk art. Although telling the difference between these two types of art is not always easy, each has certain general characteristics that help to identify it. One characteristic of folk art, for example, is that it is the product of ordinary people, the folk. Further more, folk art is often traditional in composition and subject matter. Fine art, in contrast, is usually the product of professionals who have studied art. These professional artists are usually more strongly influenced by the contemporary world and modern composition than by tradition. Another difference between folk and fine art is that folk art is often created to decorate a functional object. For example, a person who decorates his or her home by sculpting the wooden beam that holds up the roof is creating folk art. Fine art, on the other hand, is usually purely decorative Its only function is to its environment. A third distinguishing characteristic of folk art is that it is "participatory". This means that the art is created through the active involvement of the participants in the artistic project. For instance, a work song is created when a group of workers with one job to do sing together. By singing together, they make their work easier and also create a song that is considered to be folk art. In addition, paintings on the walls of churches are some times considered folk art since many people are involved in the endeavor, not only painters. The participants who are not skillful at drawing or painting, mix colors or clean up spilled paint. Fine art, such as music, how ever, seldom involves participation of any one besides the artist. Other people are usually not involved in the production. People at a music concert are only listeners, not participants. In the same way, a fine-art painting is primarily the work of one known artist, not a group. Folk art is characterized by anonymity; the folk artist is rarely, if ever, known. A final distinctive characteristic of folk art is that it tends to become rarer as a society becomes more industrialized. When machines produce all of the objects that people are likely to need in their everyday lives, people are likely to stop producing and decorating household objects at home. Likewise, when most people have radios, they tend to listen to the songs on the radio while they work rather than to sing traditional work songs. However, the quality and quantity of fine art do not decrease with industrialization. In fact, the amount may in crease if industrialization raises the standard of living, thus creating a larger number of people who can afford to buy fine art. The meaning of the underlined word "anonymity" (Para. 3) is closest to ______.

A. being unknown
B. being famous
C. collective wisdom
D. industriousness

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Passage 2 How can we get rid of garbage Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the some time it can save the land to hold garbage. For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped(倾倒) it on empty land.Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fu el to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil(化石) fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source. Burning garbage is not a new idea.Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. (78) The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants bum almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half mil lion barrels of oil. Our fossil fuel supplies are limited.(79) Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth. Which of the following is not the result of burning garbage

A. The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.
B. The heat produced is used to boil water.
C. The steam produced is used to make electricity.
D. The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

治疗室的管理中,下列哪项是错误的( )

A. 注射治疗时要铺无菌盘,抽出的药液存放不能超过2小时
B. 治疗室中开启的各种溶酶超过24个小时不能使用,最好采用小包装
C. 治疗室中开启的无菌溶液需在2小时内使用
D. 碘酐、乙醇瓶应保持密闭,每周更换并对容器灭菌1~2次
E. 经灭菌后的棉球、纱布包一经打开,使用时间不能超过48小时

Passage 3 Fire can help people in many ways. But it can be very dangerous. Fire can heat water, warm houses, give light and cook. But fire can burn things, too. It can bum trees, houses, animals or people. Sometimes big fires can burn forests. Nobody knows for sure how people began to use fire. But there are many interesting stories about the first time a man or a woman started a fire. One story from Australia tells about a man very, very long time ago. He went up to the sun by a rope (绳子) and brought fire down. Today people know how to make a fire with matches (火柴) . Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can bum a piece of paper and then it might bum a house. A small fire can become a big fire very fast. Fire kills many people every year. So you must be careful with matches. You should also learn to put out fires. (80) Fires need oxygen(氧气). Without oxygen they will die. Cover a fire with water, sand, or sometimes with your coat. This keeps the air away from a fire and kills it. Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it will bum you. Children mustn’t play with matches because ________.

A. matches burn paper
B. it isn’t interesting
C. they can be dangerous
D. they can burn a house

The hours ______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.

A. when
B. on which
C. that
D. in which

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