题目内容
Passage Four Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. It is hard to imagine life without Arabic numbers(数字). No other number system ever invented has a simple way to write a number like 1984. In Roman numeral, it comes out like this MCMLXXXIV. Imagine how difficult it would be for a school pupil to remember it! The Arabs, however, call their numbers “Indian numerals”. This is probably because they got the original idea a long time ago from India. There were no printed newspapers or scientific magazine then, so mathematics traveled along the same routes that silk did, as businessmen sold and bought goods. The Arabs took the new numbers and made improvements that quickly led to advances in technology. The achievement of Arabic technology can be seen from a passage in a 10th-century book about an Arabic city:” The neighboring country showed the results of careful work in agriculture, trade, and industry. Rice and many other plants were grown in fields with water supplied by Arab engineers. The city included 900 public baths, stone-covered streets, fountains, and beautiful buildings.” At this time, London was a small town with dirty streets, and Berlin was a farming village. In fact, cities outside the Arab world did not reach the same level of social development until centuries later. The Arabs call their numerals “ Indian numerals” because （）.
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Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. The Bedouin people, a tribe living in the deserts of Arabia and Northern African, think most highly of people who show loyalty. To them loyalty does not mean that one is devoted to a country, a place, or a leader. Loyalty means being faithful to one’s family and tribe. The Bedouin people are proud of their ancestors(祖先). They do not admire a hero from an ordinary or poor family as much as one who comes from an honored family. They especially respect those who have inherited(继承) a good family name and then have passed it on to their children. A man’s position among his people depends upon his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disagreed, he, too, is disgraced. Therefore, one carefully guards the honor of his family and his tribe. A man can protect his family’s honors by being brave and generous and by giving protection to those who ask for it. He also guards it by carefully watching the women of his family. A Bedouin woman cannot bring honor to her family, but she can bring disgrace. Even if a woman only looks as if she has done something wrong, she may be killed. The honor of her family depends upon her virtue(美德). The Bedouin people think most highly of one who is （）.
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