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Questions 27 to30 are based on the passage you have just heard. （）
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America’s most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to （62） plans for a paywall around its digital offering, （63） the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news. Struggling （64） an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times （65） to introduce a “metered” model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have （66） a set number of its online articles per month. The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper （67） the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not （68） internet readers, and certain papers, （69） London’s Evening Standard, have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions （70） The New York Times’s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, （71） that the move is a gamble: “This is a （72） , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.” Boasting a print （73） of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, （74） the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. （75） most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can （76） national scope—as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and （77） 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world. But （78） many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a （79） financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but （80） a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million （81） from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet. 65（）
America’s most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to （62） plans for a paywall around its digital offering, （63） the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news. Struggling （64） an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times （65） to introduce a “metered” model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have （66） a set number of its online articles per month. The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper （67） the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not （68） internet readers, and certain papers, （69） London’s Evening Standard, have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions （70） The New York Times’s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, （71） that the move is a gamble: “This is a （72） , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.” Boasting a print （73） of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, （74） the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. （75） most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can （76） national scope—as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and （77） 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world. But （78） many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a （79） financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but （80） a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million （81） from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet. 63（）
Will there ever be another Einstein This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton. Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved. But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon. For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare. Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself. “The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944. And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem. Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts. “Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.” Especially considering what Einstein was proposing. “The actual fabric of space and time curving My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.” Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations. What might happen to such a submission today “We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.” What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs（）
Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in realms as (36) _____________ as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs and coping with (37) ______________ illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may (38) ______________ suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks. “Hope has proven a powerful predictor of (39) ______________ in every study we’ve done so far,” said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who has devised a (40) ______________ to assess how much hope a person has. For example, in research with 3,920 college students, Dr. Snyder and his (41) ______________ found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more (42) ______________ predictor of their college grades than were their S.A.T. scores or their grade point (43) ______________ in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance. (44)”_______________,” Dr. Snyder said. “When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.” In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder (45)________________. “That notion is not concrete enough, and it blurs two key components of hope,” Dr. Snyder said. (46)”________________.” 40（）
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