题目内容
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1) this is largely because, (2) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (3) to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (5) , we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6) we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7) human smells even when these are (8) to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (9) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13) to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it (14) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) new receptors if necessary. This may (16) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not (17) of the usual smell of our own house but we (18) new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
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In the United States, the main argument for protection of domestic industry is that foreign competition costs Americans their jobs. When we buy Japanese cars, U.S. cars go (1) . This leads to a (2) in the domestic auto industry. When we buy German steel, steelworkers in the nor them part of America (3) their jobs. It is true that when we buy goods from foreign producers, domestic producers in the U.S. (4) . But there is no reason to believe that the workers thrown out of employment in the contracting sectors will not find jobs in other expanding sectors. Foreign (5) in textiles, for example, has (6) thousands of workers out of work in New England. (7) with the expansion of new industries, the unemployment rate in this area (8) one of the lowest in the country in the mid-1980s. (9) time the United States lost its advantage in textiles (10) countries with larger unskilled labor (11) , but other new industries have (12) in which the United States does have a greater advantage. Of course, it is very difficult for workers to (13) the fact of being jobless. The knowledge that some other industry, perhaps in some other part of the country may be expanding, is of (14) comfort to the person whose skills become out of date. The (15) and personal problems brought about by unemployment and out of date skills as a result of foreign competition (16) close attention. These problems can be solved in two ways. We can stop (17) and give up the gains from free trade, claiming that we are (18) to pay more to save domestic jobs in industries that can produce more (19) abroad. Or we can aid the victims of free trade in a more effective way, helping to (20) them for jobs with a future.
Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are thereby (1) from the world of books and newspapers, having to (2) friends to read aloud to them. A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major (3) in providing aid to the (4) . His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that (5) any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like (6) through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons (7) Cyclops’s keyboard, a blind person can "read" any (8) document in the English language. This remarkable invention represents a tremendous (9) forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $50,000. (10) , Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller (11) improved version that will sell (12) less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil (13) the price range will be low enough for every school and library to (14) one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that (15) will be able to buy home (16) of Cyclops for the price of a good television set. Mr. Hingson’s organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people (17) in those tests, making lots of (18) suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops. "This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies (19) a product was put on the market," Hingson said. "Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that (20) , the manufacturers have been the blind ones.\
In the United States, the main argument for protection of domestic industry is that foreign competition costs Americans their jobs. When we buy Japanese cars, U.S. cars go (1) . This leads to a (2) in the domestic auto industry. When we buy German steel, steelworkers in the nor them part of America (3) their jobs. It is true that when we buy goods from foreign producers, domestic producers in the U.S. (4) . But there is no reason to believe that the workers thrown out of employment in the contracting sectors will not find jobs in other expanding sectors. Foreign (5) in textiles, for example, has (6) thousands of workers out of work in New England. (7) with the expansion of new industries, the unemployment rate in this area (8) one of the lowest in the country in the mid-1980s. (9) time the United States lost its advantage in textiles (10) countries with larger unskilled labor (11) , but other new industries have (12) in which the United States does have a greater advantage. Of course, it is very difficult for workers to (13) the fact of being jobless. The knowledge that some other industry, perhaps in some other part of the country may be expanding, is of (14) comfort to the person whose skills become out of date. The (15) and personal problems brought about by unemployment and out of date skills as a result of foreign competition (16) close attention. These problems can be solved in two ways. We can stop (17) and give up the gains from free trade, claiming that we are (18) to pay more to save domestic jobs in industries that can produce more (19) abroad. Or we can aid the victims of free trade in a more effective way, helping to (20) them for jobs with a future.
The Metropolitan Police will no longer describe black people as black, as part of a new attempt to counter charges of racism in the force. Both black and Asian people will in future be referred to as "visible minority ethnics". The term, which replaces the phrase "black and Asian minority ethnics" is expected to be adopted officially in January. The decision was criticized yesterday as unnecessary and confusing by black police officers. Anna Scott, the general secretary of the National Black Police Association, said it amounted to a step too far by the "political correctness" movement. "We have gone from saying ’black ethnic minority’ to ’black minority ethnic’ to ’visible minority ethnic’ in a matter of years," she said. "There has been so much emphasis on the issue of terminology, that the issue has become confusing for black police officers, let alone white ones. We are risking becoming too politically correct at the expense of being clearly understood by officers and the general public." A senior police official told The Telegraph that some white officers were using the phrase so that they would avoid saying the words "black" or "Asian", for fear of causing offence. The official claimed that the term would allow these communities to be distinguished for others—such as the Irish and the Greeks—whose members are, according to the new terminology, "invisible" because they tend to be light-skinned. In the 1960s, the phrase "colored" was officially used by some police forces. By the 1970s, this had changed to "black" to describe people whose ancestors originated from the Caribbean and Africa and "Asian" for those who originated from the Indian subcontinent. The phrase "ethnic minority" was also widely used as a collective term for both groups, but this was dropped in favor of "minority ethnic" five years ago, promising criticism that it was an improper use of English. Bernard Lamb, the chairman of the London branch of the Queen’s English Society, said that the new description was grammatically incorrect and over-sensitive. "I do not like this new term at all. The word ’ethnic’ is an adjective and you cannot pluralize an adjective," he said. "They seem to have used a euphemism for black and Asian when I imagine most black and Asian people do not mind the empty words themselves at all." The change will cost a significant sum of public money in retraining officers and rewriting manuals and a spokesman for the Metropolitan Police said that some senior officers were already using the term. The spokesman said that the new term was not a redefinition but was meant to standardize the phraseology used by the police. "Concerns have been raised about the nature and range of terms used in papers presented to the authority when discussing ethnicity." "To ensure that there is a uniform approach and understanding of terminology used in future, and that offence is avoided, the January meeting of the authority’s equal opportunities and diversity board will make decisions about the terminology we expect to use," he said. The word "promising" in Line 2, Para. 8 can be replaced by ______.
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