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Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, "Hey Joe, how are you Mary is over there in the seat you sat in last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again" Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and your drink is on the table. Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesn"t include burgers. Sound a little bizarre To some, this is the restaurant equivalent of the Internet. The Net"s ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you—some of which you may not want them to have.Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a "cookie" Unfortunately, it"s not the Mrs. Field"s type. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer—usually without your knowledge. During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about your interaction, including where you visit, how long you stay there, how frequently you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address. Fill out a survey to collect free information or samples, and marketers know even more about you—like your name, address, and any other information you provide. While this may sound scary enough, cookies aren"t even the latest in technology. A new system called I-librarian Alexa—named for the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt—does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on ads, etc. All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably don"t even know that you are giving it. In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was ______.
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On a moremundane(世俗的) level, third-generation mobile telephones, despite all the delays and the billions squandered on 3G licenses by telecom firms, are still expected to offer consumer high-speed, always-on mobile internet access, complete with video, in the next few years. Rapidly proliferating"wi-fi"(无线局域网) networks already offer wireless access on a local basis. Tiny tracking chips called radio-frequency identification devices are being used as passports. Soon they will be small, powerful and cheap enough to be implanted into everything. Sensors of every kind, including video cameras, should also become much smaller and cheaper. Forrester Research, a technology consultancy, predicts that 14 billion such devices will be connected to the internet by 2005.How rapidly such new technology is introduced will depend on a number of factors—the state of the economy, the supply of investment capital and the appetite of consumers for new products or services! Fortunes will be made and lost many times over. But whatever happens, the power of computing and communications looks set to continue to grow, and its price to fall, at a steady rate for the next few decades. That will make it possible, at least in rich countries, to record most human interactions, wherever and whenever they take place, and to store and analyze this ocean of data at low cost.For the sake of argument, this survey will assume that we are heading towards a networked society ofubiquitous(到处存在的), mobile communication capable of constant monitoring. Whether this arrives in 20, 30 or 40 years does not really matter. The point is that the destination seems not merely possible, but probable, so it is not too soon to ask: What do we want this technology to doThe internet has already thrown up a host of legal and political problems, but these are only a small foretaste of the dilemmas—about privacy, security, intellectual property and the nature of government itself—that will have to be faced over the coming decades. The debate has already begun. This survey will outline some of main issues, and speculate on the way they are likely to go. At present, a radio-frequency identification device enables people to ______.
Of all the components of a good night"s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,neurologists(神经学家) had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise". Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind"s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain stops thinking logically. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It"s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago"s Medical Center. "If you don"t like it, change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright"s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. (In studying divorced couples, Cartwright has found that those who don"t follow this dream progression have a much harder time getting over the hurt.) Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don"t always think about the emotional significance of the day"s events—until, "it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Imagine how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there"s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or we wake up in a panic. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people"s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, sleep—or rather dream—on it and you"ll feel better in the morning. The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly.But in 1995 a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the "Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System." It uses 2 round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one.The space between the 2 pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation process. Water in the sand between the 2 pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving.The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks.People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first 5,000 pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby.In 2000, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being.A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.The award is given every 2 years. The most recent one was given last year. The Cooling System invented by Mohammed Bah Abba is different from a refrigerator in that it is more ______.
机会总是留给准备好的人。对于这句话，请谈谈你的理解。
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