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Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting (62) sleep than they ought to." says Dr. David. (63) people who think they are Sleeping enough would probably be better (64) with more rest. The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be (65) to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal (66) from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the (67) that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were (68) on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced (69) , to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even (70) they’re doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they’re okay because they can get (71) on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally (72) " Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the (73) of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community (74) , many people consider sleep the least (75) item on the agenda. "In our soci-ety, you’re considered (76) it’ you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If yon say you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack (77) and ambition." To assess the (78) of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects (79) a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re sleep-deprived, performance (80) ," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is impaired, (81) are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

A. by
B. off
C. for
D. through

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Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justice. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as (1) as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the (2) of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence. The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall The Reliability of Witness (3) ", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held (4) about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is (5) change, it should not be underestimated. In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries (6) its reliability. The paper points out that memory is complex, and the reliability of any person’s recall must be assessed (7) . Both common sense and research say memory (8) over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are (9) their best immediately (10) encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere (11) the original memory, which reduces (12) . The paper says (13) interviews or media reports can create such (14) . "People are particularly susceptible to having their memories (15) when the passage of time allows the original memory to (16) , and will be most susceptible if they repeat the (17) as fact." Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then (18) it to produce something (19) than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are (20) false." Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.3()

A. descends
B. declines
C. inclines
D. degrades

S5. One of the significant goal of the science of meteorology is S5 .

工业革命的社会影响

大学毕业时,小刘决定不找工作,他默默地从事起了网络翻译工作。当时几乎没有人看好他,大家认为,大学刚毕业,最好找一个好单位,学点本领、积累点经验,然后才能有好出路。5年时间过去了,虽然我们很多人毕业时都信誓旦旦地说,一旦在单位里学到本领,积累够经验,就出去打拼一番属于自己的事业,但大多数人在单位这个避风港里,已经失去了面对大风浪和新环境的勇气,辞职创业逐渐成了空谈。可小刘已经开了公司,成为了一名成功的企业主。在一次同学会上,小刘说出了他的“秘密”。他说:“成功往往取决于你敢不敢往人少的地方走。这可能会有风险,但因为没人或很少有人走过,留给你的可能是硕果累累。走别人开辟的老路,虽然看起来很安全,但因为走的人太多,财富与资源大多已被人占有。即使幸运地发现了一小部分,也必然会被蜂拥而至的人群争抢与瓜分。”1.根据以上文章写一篇读后感;2.你如何看待小刘的成功之道;3.关于成功你有什么经验和建议?

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