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Passage Two In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped (播送的) music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to, get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise capitalism" Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which-man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ______ .
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Don’t Share Too Much Information with Co-Workers There are several reasons for not sharing personal information with your co-workers. You may not want to burden your co-workers. As I alluded to, also, did not trust your co-workers to keep your secret. There are people around, and we all know someone like this, who will think nothing of talking about you. Some people are very matter-of-fact about it and just assume there’s nothing wrong with telling others whatever you told them. Some may be malicious and intend to cause harm by spreading information. By the time you find out you’ve shared your story with the wrong person, it’s usually too late. Those of you who have been around dogs know that a dog will show its submissiveness to a more dominant dog by exposing its belly. When you share personal information, especially information that shows your weaknesses, you may be "exposing your belly" to your co-workers. If your position at work requires you to exhibit strength and control, such as a managerial position, you may be showing just the opposite by sharing certain information. Here’s what Elizabeth Mitchell, a senior editor, had to say about this," Decisions are made and impressions formed about us while at work that are used for different reasons than those with our families and friends. For example, a person being considered for a promotion would benefit from having an image of strength, excellent judgment and good interpersonal skills. How might your recent disclosure to your colleagues that you are divorcing your alcoholic husband, just obtained a restraining order in fear for your life and are worried about making your house payments, affect your chances for promotion You can’t sleep, fear you are depressed and need support from friends during this trying time. In this situation, a wise employee would make an appointment with an Employee Assistance Program counselor and use his or her friends and family for support, letting colleagues at work know, perhaps, that he or she is divorcing but keeping the details scant. " As mentioned earlier, revealing too much about yourself may give people the wrong impression or rather the impression you don’t want them to have. In general, you do want to preserve some level of privacy. Susan Heathfield says, "When you have worked in a particular work place for a long time, people will tend to know more about your personal world, simply from longevity. As an example, they know when you took a week off work when your mother died. They know you left for the day when your son got sick at school. This level of knowledge about each other is fine and, depending on the work place, almost unavoidable ..." Brian Mairs, a career expert, gets straight to the point, "If you don’t want to hear it in the neighborhood pub, don’t mention it around the water cooler. If it is a thing of pride (new car, new house, new baby, etc), go ahead and share the joy. If it is a thing of privacy (family problems, etc. ) keep it to yourself at work. Find a professional therapist, or somebody you trust to keep a confidence (such as a Priest or Rabbi), to discuss such things. " As with anything else, you are the only one who can decide what, and how much information you want to share with your co-workers. The words of wisdom provided by my colleagues certainly give you something to think about. In the end, though, the decision is yours. And the consequences are yours to deal with. If opening up your personal life is what you feel comfortable to do, realize that there will be no line between the "work you" and the "real you". That may be fine for some people, and as a matter of fact preferable for many. A lot of people would feel uncomfortable and unhappy exhibiting a different persona at work than they do at home. Do what you need to do, as long as it doesn’t interfere with doing your job. What CANNOT be inferred according to Brian Mairs
简答题 材料1“毛泽东思想，就是马克思列宁主义的理论与中国革命的实践之统一的思想，就是中国的共产主义，中国的马克思主义。”“党章的总纲上规定：以马克思列宁主义的理论与中国革命的实践之统一的思想———毛泽东思想，作为我们党一切工作的指针。”摘自刘少奇在1945年中共七大上《关于修改党的章程的报告》材料2毛泽东思想是马克思列宁主义在中国的运用和发展，是被实践证明了的关于中国革命和建设的正确的理论原则和经验总结，是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶。党的许多卓越领导人对它的形成和发展都做出了重要贡献，毛泽东同志的科学著作是它的集中概括。中国共产党以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想作为自己的行动指南。根据1981年十一届六中全会决议和1982年十二大党章整理材料3中国共产党是非常重视理论指导的党。中国人民找到马克思列宁主义，中国革命的面貌为之一新。马克思列宁主义同中国实际相络合有两次历史性飞跃，产生了两大理论成果。第一次飞跃的理论成果是被实践证明了的关于中国革命和建设的正确的理论原则和经验总结。它的主要创立者是毛泽东，我们党把它称为毛泽东思想。第二次飞跃的理论成果是建设有中国特色的社会主义理论，它的主要创立者是邓小平，我们党把它称为邓小平理论。摘自《十五大报告》(1997年9月)材料4大会一致同意把“三个代表”重要思想和马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论一道确立为我们党的指导思想。“三个代表”重要思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论的继承和发展，反映了当代世界和中国的发展变化对党和国家工作的新要求，是加强和改进党的建设、推进我国社会主义自我完善和发展的强大理论武器。引自2002年11月《中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会关于中央委员会报告的决议》材料5坚持党的思想路线，解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，是我们党坚持先进性和增强创造力的决定，陵因素。摘自《十六大报告》(2002年11月)请回答：(1)根据材料1、2说明两者的继承和发展关系。(2)根据材料1、3、4说明马克思主义中国化的基本要求，以及中共用发展着的：马克思主义指导新的实践的历程。(3)结合材料5，说明中国共产党的思想路线与理论创新的关系。
简答题 邓小平指出：“没有毛主席，至少我们中国人民还要在黑暗中摸索更长的时间。”请回答：（1）毛泽东在马克思主义中国化过程中所作出的重大贡献。（2）怎样认识科学评价毛泽东和毛泽东思想历史地位的重要性。（3）如何正确认识毛泽东思想的历史地位和指导意义
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