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There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from different views in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be critical. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help change this habit.Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change this bad habit and condescend to be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage（）
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Children model themselves largely on their parents and they do so mainly through identification. Children identify (31) a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are (32) of that parent. The things parents do and say and the (33) they do and say to them therefore strongly influence a child’s (34) . However, parents must consistently behave like the type of (35) they want their child to become.A parent’s actions (36) affect the self-image that a child forms (37) identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their (38) will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly (39) qualities in their parents will have difficulty (40) positive qualities in themselves. Children may (41) their self-image, however, as they become increasingly 42 by peers group before they reach 13.Isolated events, (43) dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent (44) on a child’s behavior. Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, (45) , accept the divorce of their parent’s or a parent’s early (46) . But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events (47) a sign of rejection or punishment. In the same way, all children are not influenced (48) by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. (49) in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the (50) of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it. （44）（）
The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the 20th century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle 20s, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was 15, the mother would have been in her early 50s and would expect to live a further 20 years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid-work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be 15 when she is 45 and can be expected to live another 35 years and is likely to take paid-work until retirement at 60. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.This important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is 16, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relation in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. Nowadays a husband tends to （）.
阅读下列关于时空观的材料： [材料1]绝对的、真正的和数学的时间自身在流逝着，而且由于其本性而在均匀地，与任何其他外界事物无关地流逝着，它又可以名之日“延续性”。绝对的空间，就其本性而言，是与任何事物无关而永远是相同和不动的。 ——摘自《牛顿自然哲学著作选》 [材料2]在这个研究过程里，我们将会发现感性直观有两个纯形式，它们是先天知识的原则，这两个纯形式就是空间和时间。……空间不是一个从外部经验得来的经验。正相反，这外部经验本身只是通过我们所设想的空间观念才有可能。时间不是从任何经验得来的经验概念。……只有在时间这个前提之下，我们才能表现许多东西在同一时间存在(同时地)或在不同时间里存在(继续地)。 ——摘自康德《纯粹理性批判》 [材料3]运动尺子的缩短和运动时钟的变慢效应，都是相对论时空的基本属性，与物体内部结构无关。 ——摘自爱因斯坦《狭义与广义相对论浅说》 [材料4]人类的时空观念是相对的，但绝对真理是由这些相对的观念构成的；这些相对的观念在发展中走向绝对真理，接近绝对真理。正如关于物质的构造和运动形式的科学知识的可变性并没有推翻外部世界的客观实在性一样，人类的时空观念的可变性也没有推翻空间和时间的客观实在性。 ——摘自列宁《唯物主义和经验批判主义》 请回答： 分析材料4，说明“人类的时空观念是相对的”的原因。
Parents can easily come down with an acute case of schizophrenic (精神分裂症) from reading the contradictory reports about the state of the public schools. One set of experts asserts that the schools are better than they have been for years. Others say that the schools are in terrible shape and are responsible for every national problem from urban poverty to the trade deficit.One group of experts looks primarily at such indicators as test scores, and they cheer what they see: all the indicators-reading scores, minimum competency test results, the scholastic aptitude test scores-are up, some by substantial margins. Students are required to take more academic courses-more mathematics and science, along with greater stress on basic skills, including knowledge of computers. More than 40 state legislatures have mandated such changes.But in the eyes of another set of school reformers such changes are at best superficial and at worst counterproductive. These experts say that merely toughening requirements without either improving the quality of instruction or even more important, changing the way schools are organized and children are taught makes the schools worse rather than better. They challenge the nature of the test, mostly multiple choice or true or false, by which children’s progress is measured; they charge that raising the test scores by drilling pupils to come up with the fight answer does not improve knowledge, understanding and the capacity to think logically and independently. In addition, these critics fear that the get-tough approach to school reform will cause more of the youngsters at the bottom to give up and drop out. This, they say, may improve national scores but drain even further the nation’s pool of educated people.The way to cut through the confusion is to understand the different yardsticks used by different observers.Compared with what schools used to be like "in the good old days", with lots of drill and uniform requirements, and the expectation that many youngsters who could not make it would drop out and find their way into unskilled job by those yardsticks, the schools have measurably improved in recent years.But by the yardsticks of those experts who believe that the old school was deficient in teaching the skills needed in the modem world, today’s schools have not become better. These educators believe that rigid new mandates may actually have made the schools worse. Which of the following is TRUE（）
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