A group of people who share the same interests and way of life is called a society. Sociology is the science that examines human society. The term sociology is derived from the Latin word socius, which means "companion, union of people". (80) Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew. They also study the levels within a society. For example, the child is part of the family, the family is part of the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is part of the community. There are many different groups, and sociologists are interested in the effect that these groups have on people. A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the l’830s. He suggested that a new science was necessary to study a society of people. A famous book, Principles of Sociology, was published by an Englishman, Herbert Spencer, in 1882. This book had an unprecedented(史无前例的) effect on the science of sociology. In this book, Spencer theorized that a society’s customs evolved, or grew, from very simple to more complicated and advanced. This theory shows the influence that Charles Darwin (who believed that man had evoked from very simple forms to the present human) had on Spencer. Sociology had its beginnings as a separate science with ______.
A. Comte
B. Spencer
C. Latin
Darwin
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A group of people who share the same interests and way of life is called a society. Sociology is the science that examines human society. The term sociology is derived from the Latin word socius, which means "companion, union of people". (80) Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew. They also study the levels within a society. For example, the child is part of the family, the family is part of the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is part of the community. There are many different groups, and sociologists are interested in the effect that these groups have on people. A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the l’830s. He suggested that a new science was necessary to study a society of people. A famous book, Principles of Sociology, was published by an Englishman, Herbert Spencer, in 1882. This book had an unprecedented(史无前例的) effect on the science of sociology. In this book, Spencer theorized that a society’s customs evolved, or grew, from very simple to more complicated and advanced. This theory shows the influence that Charles Darwin (who believed that man had evoked from very simple forms to the present human) had on Spencer. According to the passage, we may conclude that in sociology the neighborhood is larger than ______.
A. the community
B. the family
C. society
D. city
Most of us trade money for entertainment. Movies, concerts and shows are enjoyable but expensive. (78) If you think that you can’t have a good time without spending a lot of money, read on. A little resourcefulness and a few minutes of newspaper- scanning should give you some pleasant surprises. People may be the most interesting show in a large city. Stroll through busy streets and see what everybody else is doing. (79) You will probably see people from all over the world; you will certainly see people of every age, size, and shape, and you’ II get a free fashion show, too. Window - shopping is also a safe sport - if the stores are closed. Check the listings in your neighborhood paper. Local colleges or schools often welcome the public to hear an interesting speaker or a good debate. The film or concert series at the local public library probably won’t cost you a penny. Be sure to check commercial advertisements too. A flea market can provide hours of pleasant browsing. Perhaps you can find a free cooking or crafts demonstration in a department store. Plan ahead for some activities. It is always more pleasant not to have people in front of you in a museum or at a zoo. You may save some money, too, since these places often set aside one or two free admission days at slow times during the week. Pretend that you are a tourist from time to time, and get to know your city all over again including the indispensable sights that people travel miles to see. If you feel like taking an interesting walk, find a free walking tour, or plan one yourself. You will see your city in a new perspective once you know more about its history or its architectural treasures. With imagination and a spirit of adventure you can quite easily find good entertainment at no cost at all. "You will certainly see people of every age, size and shape," "Shape" here refers to people being ______.
A. rich or poor
B. fat and thin
C. male and female
D. handsome and ugly
Why don’t birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now they’re beginning to fill in the blanks. Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly by night Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night - flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long- distance flights. A dove (鸽子)had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The bird’s cage was placed under an artificial star-filled sky. (76) The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight. (77) But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation(航行)only. When the stars are hidden by clouds, they seemingly find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses. But when it’s too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to find their way. During daylight hours, birds ______.
A. wheel back and forth
B. follow the stars in their flights
C. use sun for guidance
D. are quite likely to get lost
Most of us trade money for entertainment. Movies, concerts and shows are enjoyable but expensive. (78) If you think that you can’t have a good time without spending a lot of money, read on. A little resourcefulness and a few minutes of newspaper- scanning should give you some pleasant surprises. People may be the most interesting show in a large city. Stroll through busy streets and see what everybody else is doing. (79) You will probably see people from all over the world; you will certainly see people of every age, size, and shape, and you’ II get a free fashion show, too. Window - shopping is also a safe sport - if the stores are closed. Check the listings in your neighborhood paper. Local colleges or schools often welcome the public to hear an interesting speaker or a good debate. The film or concert series at the local public library probably won’t cost you a penny. Be sure to check commercial advertisements too. A flea market can provide hours of pleasant browsing. Perhaps you can find a free cooking or crafts demonstration in a department store. Plan ahead for some activities. It is always more pleasant not to have people in front of you in a museum or at a zoo. You may save some money, too, since these places often set aside one or two free admission days at slow times during the week. Pretend that you are a tourist from time to time, and get to know your city all over again including the indispensable sights that people travel miles to see. If you feel like taking an interesting walk, find a free walking tour, or plan one yourself. You will see your city in a new perspective once you know more about its history or its architectural treasures. With imagination and a spirit of adventure you can quite easily find good entertainment at no cost at all. Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. There are many kinds of amusements you can enjoy with spending no money.
B. The film shown at the local public library is often free of charge.
C. Local colleges often hold meetings to debate the issues people are interested in.
D. You should be a tourist if you want to know more about the city you live in.