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What"s your earliest childhood memory Can you remember learning to walk Or talk The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program Adults seldom (1)_____ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2)_____ children younger than three or four (3)_____ retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been (4)_____ by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5)_____ for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6)_____ that, since adults don"t think like children, they cannot (7)_____ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8)_____ one event follows (9)_____ as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10)_____ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don"t find any that fit the (11)_____. It"s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12)_____ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren"t any early childhood memories to (13)_____. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else"s spoken description of their personal (14)_____ in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15)_____ of them into long-term memories. In other (16)_____, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17)_____—Mother talking about the afternoon (18)_____ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19)_____ reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20)_____ memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。
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Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation. This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy, and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old. the sick and the burdened. Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behavior of these about young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prisoner-camp during the war. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then Older people, tired and irritable from a day"s work, are not angels, either—far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to gel on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse. If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won"t bother to assist, taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus. and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.Notes:much less 更不用说。Continental man欧洲大陆上的人。rat race激烈的竞争。be lost to全然不顾。all too实在太。be hard on sth.对…太严峻。due n.应该得到的东西。communications In transport 运输工具。won"t bother to do sth.不愿费心去做某事。pull the hell(售票员)拉铃(以便让司机开动车辆)。do one"s part某人的责任。 In the author"s view. the best remedy for coping with the hard conditions in travel in cities would be to _____.
What"s your earliest childhood memory Can you remember learning to walk Or talk The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program Adults seldom (1)_____ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2)_____ children younger than three or four (3)_____ retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been (4)_____ by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5)_____ for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6)_____ that, since adults don"t think like children, they cannot (7)_____ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8)_____ one event follows (9)_____ as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10)_____ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don"t find any that fit the (11)_____. It"s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12)_____ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren"t any early childhood memories to (13)_____. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else"s spoken description of their personal (14)_____ in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15)_____ of them into long-term memories. In other (16)_____, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17)_____—Mother talking about the afternoon (18)_____ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19)_____ reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20)_____ memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。
What"s your earliest childhood memory Can you remember learning to walk Or talk The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program Adults seldom (1)_____ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2)_____ children younger than three or four (3)_____ retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been (4)_____ by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5)_____ for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6)_____ that, since adults don"t think like children, they cannot (7)_____ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8)_____ one event follows (9)_____ as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10)_____ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don"t find any that fit the (11)_____. It"s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12)_____ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren"t any early childhood memories to (13)_____. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else"s spoken description of their personal (14)_____ in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15)_____ of them into long-term memories. In other (16)_____, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17)_____—Mother talking about the afternoon (18)_____ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19)_____ reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20)_____ memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。
You are going to read a text about studying in the United States followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—F for each numbered subheading (41—45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. (41) Conflicts: If you do get a place in the student dormitory, it is likely that you will have to share your living space with one other student. While having an American roommate will help you to learn more about American ways, there will probably be many times that discomfort or conflict will arise due to cultural differences. (42) Sex: With regard to sex in general, American behavior is quire different from the norms found in China. (43) Relationship Between Teachers & Students: On the campus, particularly where classes are small, I found a strange informality that characterized the relationship between students and their professors. (44) Gifts: In my interaction with American friends, I noticed that the concept of a gift is quite different here. Many things we give to each other in China are not called "gifts" but are considered to be a reflection of ordinary duties and mutual obligations. Accustomed as we are to using the word "gift" to refer to something valuable given on special occasions, it comes as a surprise to see how often the word is used in America. In the United States, "gifts", given on many different occasions, are only services. (45) Social Intercourse: When you do enter American homes, you will have an opportunity to observe different ways of greeting people. On the whole, Americans tend to be far more physical than we in their greetings.A. I was astonished, for example, when a friend told me that he was offering to care for his younger brother and sister so that his father could take a vacation for his birthday this was a gift to him. For us this would be considered duty rather than a gift. Even between friends gestures of this sort might be considered "gifts" here.B. While many students do call their professors, "Professor" so and so or "Dr" so and so. Some professors prefer to be called familiarly by their first names. And in the spirit of informality, many professors may invite students to their homes or can be seen chatting with students over a meal or a cup of coffee in the school cafeteria. A good number of instructors even request that students fill our class evaluation forms which assess the content and presentation of the course.C. My roommate was very sociable and had many boyfriends who came to visit often very late. One night, after midnight, I had to stay in the bathroom for an extra 40 minutes because I had heard a man"s voice in my room. My roommate did not realize how awkward I would feel meeting a man while I was in my nightgown. You see. American students tend to be much more casual about these matters.D. On many occasions, for instance, close friends or sometimes even casual acquaintances embrace or kiss each other on the cheeks in greeting or bidding farewell. It may even happen that where couples are close friends, the two husbands will kiss the other man"s wife!E. In the United States. for example, if a student wants to invite his teacher to a dinner party, the invitation should be sent a week or so before the party date. If the invitation is extended only three or four days before the party date, the teacher will feel he is not highly regarded.F. For example, many American students seem to like to listen to popular and sometimes loud music while studying in their rooms. Sometimes they will even leave the music on when they leave the room. For some reason, many will tell you, music helps them to relax and concentrate, an idea which other foreign students and I found very strange and disturbing. We"d like to study quietly without any disturbance.
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