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Why don’t birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now they’re beginning to fill in the blanks.Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly by night Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night - flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long- distance flights.A dove (鸽子)had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The bird’s cage was placed under an artificial star-filled sky. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight. But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation(航行)only. When the stars are hidden by clouds, they seemingly find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses. But when it’s too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to find their way. During daylight hours, birds ().
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The history of the American people is, (76) , the history of the movement of the American people. They moved from the colonies of the East Coast to the open space of the (77) . They moved from the country and the farm to the city. (78) , Americans have been moving from the cities to the suburbs.Pioneer Americans began (79) from the East Coast to the West 250 years ago. They moved west for many reasons. (80) reason was that they could obtain (81) open space and land (82) farming. Americans liked large open spaces, and they liked the freedom and independence to (83) the land in their own way. Some of the land became farms. Important minerals were discovered in some areas, so some of the land became (84) . Other large areas became cattle ranches. There seemed to be enough land for everybody. But it was a diffieuh (85) of endless work and hardship. 82().
我国社会主义学校师生关系的基本要求是：_____；_____；_____；_____。
Conversation begins almost the moment we come into contact with another and continues throughout the day (56) the aid of cell phones and computers. However, we are so often absorbed in conversation that we (57) sight of its true purpose and value.One important (58) of a good conversation is that the words are (59) used to express thoughts and feelings. We are (60) deep thoughts and strong emotions, yet our vocabularies are not (61) for this expression, and many (62) little effort to expand that. Perhaps you see a movie that (63) you deeply, yet you have the following conversation: “So, what did you think of the film” “Oh, my God, it was so sad, I swear. I went through (64) a box of tissues (面巾纸). I was in tears.” This dialogue is (65) an effective way of expressing feelings. It gives no (66) of how or why the movie truly (67) you. Such commonly-used phrases are certainly not enough to describe a deeply moving experience. However, not only (68) try to avoid overused words, you must (69) be careful in your selection. The purpose of expanding vocabulary is not to use the (70) or most impressive words, but to find those best suited. What is lacking in many conversations is the ability to talk to another rather than just talking with that person. A (71) person will find that even in the most ordinary conversations. There are a thousand questions (72) to be asked if you have courage and a desire for exchange. Good conversations should not be (73) nonsense, but of a meeting of two (74) the human condition. It should bring a better understanding of others and offer a release of emotions more than drive away (75) thoughts or kill time.
阅读下面短文，回答下面问题。 诸葛亮不是好领导这听起来很奇怪吗一点都不奇怪。 无论是在现代，还是古代，无论是领导一个国家，还是指挥一个企业，正确选拔人才、合理使用人才都是最重要的。“事谋于精，人用其当”，这样才能成功，可诸葛先生恰恰就在“人才”二字上栽了跟头。 按照现代企业管理理论，在员工心目中，一个好领导，不需要整天跟他们吃喝玩乐，也不需要什么事都包办代替，他只需要做好三件事情：选拔并奖励优秀的员工；使员工发挥他们的才干，并且在工作中能力有所提升；及时辞退不称职的员工。我们来看看，诸葛亮做到这三点了吗 “诸葛一生唯谨慎”，用兵谨慎，这是诸葛亮的优点，也是他的缺点。出于这种小心谨慎的个性，诸葛亮在选拔人才方面，总是喜欢找理论高手，比如蒋琬、费讳、姜维、马谩等人。当然，这些人的确都是英才，但却缺乏大胆创新的精神和丰富的实战经验。以至于唯唯诺诺、赞美声一片。 最冤的要属“魏延谋反”一事。不管论武功还是比谋略，魏延都是不亚于“五虎上将”的人选，但却始终得不到重视。当时，魏延曾提出率领万人，偷袭潼关，然而诸葛亮却认为此举草率，没有同意。 诸葛亮死前还做出了“魏延必反”的预测，后来魏延真的反了，这是诸葛亮钓“神机妙算”吗恰恰相反，正是由于诸葛亮长期的压制和猜忌，才造成了魏延的心理失衡，最终走上了毁灭之路。 高明领导不仅能使差的变为好的，更重要的是使好的变为更好的。诸葛亮却使好的变成了差的，教训不可谓不深刻。 对领导者最大的考验不在于你自己的工作成效如何，而在于你不在时属下的工作成效怎样。 诸葛亮辅政后，事无巨细，都要亲自过问，从任免一个县官，到军中打二十板子以上的惩罚要亲自决断，还真是“鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已”啊。 这看上去很令人钦佩，但无意中却限制了人才的发展。结果诸葛亮死后，蜀国人才青黄不接，造成“蜀中无大将，廖化当先锋”的局面。 领导再厉害，也没有三头六臂，因此，大胆使用人才，让他们充分发挥能力，才是实施战略的关键性问题。用什么样的机构去实施、配备哪些人员去完成、实施中出现的问题应该如何解决、确保战略可持续进行的措施有哪些一个成功的领导应该考虑这些，而不是忙着跟下属竞争。有能力的人并不一定适合所有的职位，因此，在择优的时候，要懂得去掉不适合的人选，诸葛亮在这方面也是失误连连。 比较明显的一次，是马谡“失街亭”。马谡自幼熟读兵法，甚为诸葛亮所器重。但刘备觉得马谡言过其实，临终时曾对诸葛亮说：“马谡言过其实，不可大用，君其察之”诸葛亮却不以为然。 马谡的确是一位很出色的参谋人才，为诸葛亮献了不少成功的计谋，但是，他却完全没有实际作战指挥经验，是典型的“纸上谈兵”。失街亭，败在马谡，过在排挤了魏延等宿将的诸葛亮。 人员素质与战略是否相适应、与运营实际是否相适应倘若不适应该怎么办这就是领导必须研究的，如果诸葛亮能提前换下不适合的人选，就不会有“挥泪斩马谡”的悲剧。 看来，诸葛亮在这三个方面的确存在严重问题。尽管他仍然是一位伟大的政治家、军事家甚至发明家，但是，他真的不是好领导。 (一鸣《诸葛亮不是好领导》) “蜀中无大将”最主要的原因是：
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