题目内容
Pushbike Peril
Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure--or even kill--children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.
Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents." The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures." she says.
By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees--but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen.
The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. "But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem." says Arbogast.
The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design A decision is expected later this year.
handlebar n(常用复数) (自行车等的) 车把
abdominal adj. 腹部的 redesign v. 重新设计
bioengineer n. 生物工程师 reconstruct vt. 重建; 重构
countermeasure n. 对策 abdomen n. 腹部
momentum n. 冲力 handgrip n. 握柄
damping adj. 制动的;减速的,缓冲的 commercialize vt. 使商品化
According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because
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Common-cold Sense
You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name "common cold" because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults--an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents？ Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.
There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it--but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won't ward off. every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes？
The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies...Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.
rhinovirus n.鼻病毒
immune adj. 免疫的,有免疫力的
disinfectant n. 消毒剂,杀菌剂
sneeze vi. 打喷嚏
thumbnail n.拇指
According to the essay, you may have a cold because______.
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