The well-accepted 7principlesinenvironmentallaws world-wide are:
A. 1.Sustainabledevelopment:developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.2.Equity:considersthepresentgenerationunderanobligationtoaccountforlong-termimpactsofactivities,andtoacttosustaintheglobalenvironmentandresourcebaseforfuturegenerations.
B. 3.Transboundaryresponsibility:anobligationtoprotectone'sownenvironment,andtopreventdamagetoneighboringenvironments.4.Publicparticipationandtransparency:requiringpublicationandaccesstorelevantenvironmentaldata,andadministrativeprocedure.
C. 5.Precautionaryprinciple:Wheretherearethreatsofseriousorirreversibledamage,lackoffullscientificcertaintyshallnotbeusedasareasonforpostponingcost-effectivemeasurestopreventenvironmentaldegradation.6.Prevention:priorassessmentofenvironmentalharm,licensingorauthorizationthatsetouttheconditionsforoperationandtheconsequencesforviolationoftheconditions,aswellastheadoptionofstrategiesandpolicies.
D. 7.Polluterpaysprinciple:theenvironmentalcostsofeconomicactivities,includingthecostofpreventingpotentialharm,shouldbeinternalizedratherthanimposeduponsocietyatlarge.
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The major global environmental issues or concerns include:
A. pollution, overpopulation
B. industrial & household waste, acid rain
C. climate change, ozone layer depletion, urban sprawl
D. genetic engineering, deforestation, & global warming
Air pollution causes:
A. acid rain
B. ozone depletion
C. photochemical smog
D. other such phenomena
The major types of potential environmental justice are:
A. distributive
B. procedural
C. recognition
D. all the above
In environmental philosophy, the basic rules of conduct of biocentrism include:
A. the rule of nonmaleficence
B. the rule of noninterference
C. the rule of fidelity
D. the rule of restitutive justice
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