The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographer’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art (1) distinctive from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with the (2) to establish it as a fine art. (3) the charge that photographers was a soulless mechanical duplication of (4) , photographers (5) that it was instead a privileged (6) of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and (7) worthy an art than painting.Ironically, (8) photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or (9) to label it as such. Serious photographers are no longer willing to (10) whether photography is not involved with art, (11) to proclaim that their own work is not involved with it. This shows the extent (12) which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the (13) of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.Photographers’ disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the troubled status of the contemporary (14) of art (15) about whether photography is or is not art. Photography, (16) Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography, (17) , has developed all the (18) and self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the (19) of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity-- (20) , an art. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.19()
A. popularity
B. assignment
C. promotion
D. transfer
案例分析题Passage FourSkin Care护肤The eyes are described as the windows of the soul, the mouth as the courier of thought, and the nose as the servant of olfaction. The skin is just the frame to the picture. Unfortunately, many judge themselves according to this frame. They could either have feelings of content or censure of their own physical features. Good health and self-esteem go hand-in-hand during the process of exercising and establishing good health habits. The skin’s clarity of ache, wrinkles, and sunburns is merely assistance to their stature of confidence. Having healthy skin is a step to confidence. Becoming worry-free of appearances is practicing good sleeping, eating, and drinking habits that lead to the success of a healthy looking person. Adolescents need about 8-10 hours of sleep a night, and adults need less than that. However, the body needs to rest and save energy for ongoing activities. Eating properly from the four basic food groups maintains the balance of proteins and nutrients. Fluid consumption of water is more recommended by doctors than the choice of soft drinks that are out on the market. Water provides plenty of water that is the key to have that fresh natural look. When actress, Rebecca Gayheart, (the commercial model of Noxema)was interviewed by Shape magazine in the 1998 November issue, she said, "My beauty routine is basically plenty of sleep and lots of water. " Exercising regularly will circulate blood and keep skin firm and toned. Getting involved in an activity that a person enjoys, and they are most likely to be happy and look more healthy. Having to be the largest organ of the human body, the skin’s main function is to protect the body from microbes. Because of the large coverage of the skin over the body, it would be encouraged to take care of its texture and form. Many desire healthy looking skin that is smooth and firm. The attraction for this desire makes the market place booming with industry in order to fulfil the consumers’ desire. Viewers at home can be guaranteed to see some type of commercial advertisement on TV that focuses on the integument and appendages of hair, make-up, lotions, or nail products. Keeping the face clear promotes good self-esteem and confidence to one’s appearance. Good skin can save time from make-up. When a girl wants to step out for a night of the town, the pimples and blemishes on her face will be the last thing that she will be conscious of. Little things can be erupted from something so miniscule. The first thing to combat would be the pores. Pores are what allows the skin to breathe. If pores were to be blocked by dirt, oil, or make-up, unwanted ache would take place. Avoid wearing make-up to sleep and touching the face when hands are dirty. Pores can be kept clean if washed daily, by using a soft facial cleanser versus the usage of deodorant soaps. Whenever heading for the pool or a day out in the sun, never forget to protect your skin from hazardous Ultraviolet (UV)rays. By overexposure to Ultraviolet rays, you’re more likely to develop cancer. Through the appliance of sunscreen upon the exposed skin, and underneath make-up we can decrease the odds are more likely to be in your favor. Do not go out and tan, because that ruins the outer membranes. The high percentage of risk upon skin cancer is a large fear. If you’d like to be free from worries about your appearances, you have to().
A. sleep as long as you want
B. eat whatever you are mad about
C. drink more soft drinks
D. establish good habits in life