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"The world"s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss." If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints, from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.After all, the world"s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.But they don"t. The reasons why they don"t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today"s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards.It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (亲戚) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it. fish is the best example of this. According to the author, most students ______.
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"The world"s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss." If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints, from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.After all, the world"s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.But they don"t. The reasons why they don"t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today"s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards.It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (亲戚) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it. fish is the best example of this. The huge increase in world production and population ______.
I start my day here at five o"clock. I get up and prepare all the children"s clothes. If there are shoes to shine, I do it in the morning. About seven o"clock I bathe the children. I leave the baby with the baby sitter and I go to work at the settlement house. I work until twelve o"clock. Sometimes I"ll work longer if I have to go to welfare and get a check for somebody. When I get back, I try to make hot food for the kids to eat. In the afternoon it"s pretty well on my own. I scrub and clean and cook and do whatever I have to do.Welfare makes you feel like you"re nothing. Like you"re laying back and not doing anything and it"s falling in your lap. But you must understand, mothers, too, work. My house is clean. I"ve been scrubbing since this morning. You could check my clothes, all washed and ironed. I"m home and I"m working. I am a working mother.Some men work eight hours a day. There are mothers that work eleven, twelve hours a day. We get up at night, a baby vomits, you have to be calling the doctor, and you have to be changing the baby. When do you get a break, really You don"t. This is an all-around job, day and night. Why do they say it"s charity We"re working for our money. I am working for this check. It is not charity. We are giving some kind of home to these children.I"m so busy all day I don"t have time to daydream. I pray a lot: I pray to God to give me strength. If He should take a child away from me, to have the strength to accept it. It"s His kid. He just borrowed him to me.It"s living off welfare and feeling that you"re taking something for nothing the way people have said. You get to think maybe you are. You get to think, why am I so stupid Why can"t I work Why do I have to live this way You feel degraded.The other day I was at the hospital and I went to pay my bill. This nurse came and gave me the green card. Green card is for welfare. She went right in front of me and gave it to the cashier. She said, "I wish I could stay home and let the money fall in my lap." I felt rotten. I was just burning inside. You hear this all the way around you. The doctor doesn"t even look at you. People are ashamed to show that green card. This nurse, to her way of thinking, she represents the working people. The ones with the green card, we represent the lazy no-goods. According to the author, why are some people ashamed to use the green card
I start my day here at five o"clock. I get up and prepare all the children"s clothes. If there are shoes to shine, I do it in the morning. About seven o"clock I bathe the children. I leave the baby with the baby sitter and I go to work at the settlement house. I work until twelve o"clock. Sometimes I"ll work longer if I have to go to welfare and get a check for somebody. When I get back, I try to make hot food for the kids to eat. In the afternoon it"s pretty well on my own. I scrub and clean and cook and do whatever I have to do.Welfare makes you feel like you"re nothing. Like you"re laying back and not doing anything and it"s falling in your lap. But you must understand, mothers, too, work. My house is clean. I"ve been scrubbing since this morning. You could check my clothes, all washed and ironed. I"m home and I"m working. I am a working mother.Some men work eight hours a day. There are mothers that work eleven, twelve hours a day. We get up at night, a baby vomits, you have to be calling the doctor, and you have to be changing the baby. When do you get a break, really You don"t. This is an all-around job, day and night. Why do they say it"s charity We"re working for our money. I am working for this check. It is not charity. We are giving some kind of home to these children.I"m so busy all day I don"t have time to daydream. I pray a lot: I pray to God to give me strength. If He should take a child away from me, to have the strength to accept it. It"s His kid. He just borrowed him to me.It"s living off welfare and feeling that you"re taking something for nothing the way people have said. You get to think maybe you are. You get to think, why am I so stupid Why can"t I work Why do I have to live this way You feel degraded.The other day I was at the hospital and I went to pay my bill. This nurse came and gave me the green card. Green card is for welfare. She went right in front of me and gave it to the cashier. She said, "I wish I could stay home and let the money fall in my lap." I felt rotten. I was just burning inside. You hear this all the way around you. The doctor doesn"t even look at you. People are ashamed to show that green card. This nurse, to her way of thinking, she represents the working people. The ones with the green card, we represent the lazy no-goods. In this passage, "a green card" is ______.
The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U. S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 350,000 home-schooled children in the country. Home-school advocates put the number much higher—at about a million.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herd like approach to teaching children.Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schools and home schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation.Says John Marshall, an education official, "We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers." The idea is, "Let"s give the kids access to public school so they"ll see it"s not so terrible as they"ve been told, and they"ll want to come back."Perhaps, but don"t count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education—whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child"s interests and natural pace—is best."The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone," says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center for Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also "strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn—both intellectually and emotionally—that the family is the most important institution in society."Other home schoolers contend "not so much that the schools teach heresy (异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately," Van Galen writes. "These parents are highly independent and strive to "take responsibility" for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient." Home-school advocates are of the opinion that ______.
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