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(四)[背景资料]某政府机关在城市繁华地段建一幢办公楼。在施工招标文件的附件中要求投标人具有垫资能力,并写明:投标人承诺垫资每增加500万元的,评标增加1分。某施工总承包单位中标后,因设计发生重大变化,需要重新办理审批手续。为了不影响按期开工,建设单位要求施工总承包单位按照设计单位修改后的草图先行开工。施工中发生了以下事件:事件一:施工总承包单位的项目经理在开工后又担任了另一个工程的项目经理,于是项目经理委托执行经理代替其负责本工程的日常管理工作,建设单位对此提出异议。事件二:施工总承包单位以包工包料的形式将全部结构工程分包给劳务公司。事件三:在底板结构混凝土浇筑过程中,为了不影响工期,施工总承包单位在连夜施工的同时,向当地行政主管部门报送了夜间施工许可申请,并对附近居民进行公告。事件四:为便于底板混凝土浇筑施工,基坑四周未设临边防护;由于现场架设灯具照明不够,工人从配电箱中接出220V电源,使用行灯照明进行施工。为了分解垫资压力,施工总承包单位与劳务公司的分包合同中写明:建设单位向总包单位支付工程款后,总包单位才向分包单位付款,分包单位不得以此要求总包单位承担逾期付款的违约责任。为了强化分包单位的质量安全责任,总分包双方还在补充协议中约定:分包单位出现质量安全问题,总包单位不承担任何法律责任,全部由分包单位自己承担。 施工总承包单位开工是否妥当?说明理由。

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Directions:Suppose you are Li Ming and you want to further your study on your major. Write a letter of application to the head of the Registration Department of a university to which you intend to be admitted and the letter should include the following information:1) a brief account of yourself2) your eagerness to study in the university3) and some further remarks.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the ad dress. (10 points)

当用户画完一个控件后,在该控件的边框上有8个黑色的小方块。当用户单击某个控件时,该控件的四周就会出现8个小方块,这些小方块被称为______,用于调整控件的 ______。

Radiation occurs from three natural sources: radioactive material in the environment, such as in soil, rock, or building materials; cosmic rays; and substances in the human body, such as radioactive potassium in hone and radioactive carbon in tissues. These natural sources account for an exposure of about 100 millirems a year for the average American.The largest single source of man-made radiation in medical x-rays, yet most scientists agree that hazards from this source are not as great as those from weapons-test fallout, since strontium-90 and carbon-14 become incorporated into the body, hence delivering radiation for an entire lifetime. (46) The issue is, however, by no means uncontroversial; indeed, the last two decades have witnessed intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation.A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with x-rays contracted cancer. Another study revealed a high incidence of childhood cancer in cases where the mother had been given x-rays. (47) These studies have pointed to the need to re-examine the assumption that exposure to low linear energy transfer presented only a minor risk.Recently, examination of the death certificates of former employees of a West Coast plant which produces plutonium for nuclear weapons revealed markedly higher rates for cancers of the pancreas, lung, bone marrow and lymph systems than would have been expected in a normal population.(48) While the National Academy of Sciences committee attributes these differences to chemical or other environmental causes, rather than radiation, other scientists maintain that any radiation exposure, no matter how small, leads to an increase in cancer risk. (49) It is believed by some that a dose of one rem, if sustained over many generations, would lead to an increase of one percent in the number of 1,000 disorders per million births.In the meantime, regulatory efforts have been disorganized, fragmented, and inconsistent, characterized by internecine strife and bureaucratic delays. A Senate report concluded that coordination of regulation among involved departments and agencies was not possible because of jurisdictional disputes and confusion. (50) One Federal agency has been unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain sufficient funding and manpower for the enforcement of existing radiation laws, and the chairperson of a panel especially created to develop a coordinated Federal program has resigned. (46) The issue is, however, by no means uncontroversial; indeed, the last two decades have witnessed intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation.

招标投标是买卖双方为成交某项大宗商品而自由交易的行为,在建筑业中指发包单位(业主)为建造某项工程与承包单位通过遴选达成营造协议的一种方式。这段话主要支持了这样一个论点,即( )。

A. 介绍了什么是招标投标
B. 什么是建筑业的招标投标
C. 招标投标有哪些形式
D. 招标投标的过程

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