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"Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise." said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done. Stress that you can manage may also boost immune(免疫的)function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control: They had to sit through a gory(血淋淋的)video on surgical procedures. Those who did go on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody. Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. "They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage," says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain. "Sustained stress is not good for you," says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity (长寿),"It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective. "(325w) The word "shun" (Line 1, Par
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She was slim and he liked her that way. So he called a lawyer. The result was a contract. According to the document, the fresh-faced bride agreed to pay a fine for each pound she gained in weight, the money refundable upon its loss. The paper signed, and the wedding went on. This is a prenuptial (婚前的)agreement—one more indication of the strange pass of marriage in this most transactional decade. You are welcome to marriage, contractual style, where increasingly detailed legal documents spell out everything from who’s going to do the dishes to who’s going to get the house when you split. This is family planning taken to extreme. Once employed solely by the rich, second-timers and the old industrialist carrying off the latest young cookie, the prenuptial agreement—a written pact between a couple outlining the financial obligations in the event of divorce—is becoming commonplace in a litigious (爱打官司的),disillusioned and materialistic age in which one in every two marriages is projected to end in divorce. The only question is: What about love When asked whether anyone believes in Cupid (爱神)anymore, Dr. Michael Vincent Miller says, "Given a century that is full of sexual liberation, computer-dating services and so on, one feels tempted to reply,’ only in a mood of desperate nostalgia (怀旧 )’. ""Pre-nups" (prenuptial agreements)do assume negativity. Founded on disillusionment, they cannot be separated from the high divorce rate in the United States. The result, argues Miller, is a kind of defending mentality. "We’ve gotten good at managing finiteness, failure and trouble with a sort of ’What’ s yours is yours and what’s mine is mine’s realism’. We’ve seen it isn’t all about love. We’ve seen there’s power politics in there—a fight for control, and when you’ve got those things, you’re halfway to lawyers and money." In other ways, however, the compacts embody positive, even idealistic thinking about marriage, love and relations, a law scholar Isabel Marcus believes. Marcus says , "Contracts could spell the end of romantic love as salvation. They say love exists, but that it’s best accompanied by good, hard thinking about equitability (平等). By writing a contract, the couple gains control of its marriage. "What’s good is it contributes to honesty; what’s unfortunate is the idea that any contract can govern your emotions," says the author of the book "The Nature of Love.\ According to paragraph 2, which .of the following statement is NOT true
She was slim and he liked her that way. So he called a lawyer. The result was a contract. According to the document, the fresh-faced bride agreed to pay a fine for each pound she gained in weight, the money refundable upon its loss. The paper signed, and the wedding went on. This is a prenuptial (婚前的)agreement—one more indication of the strange pass of marriage in this most transactional decade. You are welcome to marriage, contractual style, where increasingly detailed legal documents spell out everything from who’s going to do the dishes to who’s going to get the house when you split. This is family planning taken to extreme. Once employed solely by the rich, second-timers and the old industrialist carrying off the latest young cookie, the prenuptial agreement—a written pact between a couple outlining the financial obligations in the event of divorce—is becoming commonplace in a litigious (爱打官司的),disillusioned and materialistic age in which one in every two marriages is projected to end in divorce. The only question is: What about love When asked whether anyone believes in Cupid (爱神)anymore, Dr. Michael Vincent Miller says, "Given a century that is full of sexual liberation, computer-dating services and so on, one feels tempted to reply,’ only in a mood of desperate nostalgia (怀旧 )’. ""Pre-nups" (prenuptial agreements)do assume negativity. Founded on disillusionment, they cannot be separated from the high divorce rate in the United States. The result, argues Miller, is a kind of defending mentality. "We’ve gotten good at managing finiteness, failure and trouble with a sort of ’What’ s yours is yours and what’s mine is mine’s realism’. We’ve seen it isn’t all about love. We’ve seen there’s power politics in there—a fight for control, and when you’ve got those things, you’re halfway to lawyers and money." In other ways, however, the compacts embody positive, even idealistic thinking about marriage, love and relations, a law scholar Isabel Marcus believes. Marcus says , "Contracts could spell the end of romantic love as salvation. They say love exists, but that it’s best accompanied by good, hard thinking about equitability (平等). By writing a contract, the couple gains control of its marriage. "What’s good is it contributes to honesty; what’s unfortunate is the idea that any contract can govern your emotions," says the author of the book "The Nature of Love.\ The scene described in the first paragraph ______.
International ocean shipping constitutes a highly significant aspect of world economic and political relationships. The rapid growth in world trade and the emergence of new national entities in the last 30 years have further emphasized the role of international shipping. Because of the generally free environment in which it has operated, the industry is highly mobile and flexible—characteristics that, together with technological progress, have facilitated the rapid growth in world trade. In recent years, however, there have been several technological and institutional developments that are likely to have major efforts on the industry. One of the latter is the aggregation of conventions and practices known as the Law of the Sea, which has been discussed in the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea since 1958. The third UNCLOS began in 1974 and concluded when a treaty was issued on April 30, 1982. The treaty will enter in force when 60 nations have ratified it. How soon that will happen is, of course, not possible to say. What can be said is that a new legal structure governing the oceans appears to be evolving, with traditional principles giving way to new concepts. Since the environment in which an industry operates determines its structure and mode of operations, international shipping has been molded by the conventional principles governing the use of the oceans as highways and will be affected by shifts in the international climate and changes in the Law of Sea. Ocean shipping, as we know it today, has developed under the concepts of "freedom of the seas" and limited territorial waters with the rights of "innocent passage." Clearly, a new Law of the Sea derived from a reinterpretation of these concepts will significantly change the atmosphere in which the shipping industry operates and, accordingly, dictate revised policies and practices for both industry and public authorities. Minimally, ship operations must consider changes in the definitions of what constitutes the high seas. They must consider the corresponding changes in the jurisdiction of shipping lanes and coastal and open waters; compliance with rules for environmental protection; and vessel traffic controls in some areas. (355w) According to the author, international ocean shipping ______.
Money is a key element in economic and business activities and has been the theme of many witty remarks. Benjamin Franklin once wrote, "Money makes money, and the money (61) makes, makes more money." To most of us, money is (62) but the currency of a country. But to some people, money is either the best friend or the worst demon. To (63) ,however, money is a subject for study and for something to be money, it must at (64) have the following characteristics: portability, divisibility, stability, durability and acceptability. (65) , nowadays, money has got a lot of (66) : credit cards, debit cards, access cards, IC cards, etc, but they are usually (67) plastic money or electronic money, because they are used like money. (68) a credit card, for example, you can buy books and ties, pay your restaurant bills and taxi fares. You can (69) make a small overdraft if you cannot make your (70) meet this month. "Don’t (71) home without it," American Express, one of the leading credit card issuers once (72) us. For many, (73) a reminder is no (74) necessary, because the plastic money is so safe and so convenient that many people (75) leave home without cash but never without a credit card. Part Ⅳ ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
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