TEXT C Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoins of early twentieth century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict Certainly not by the side a person supported. Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption the Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic class. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-de joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebels side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid thought recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed -- that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like "the better sort". Despite these vague categories one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism. Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The "Paxton Boys" incident and the Regulator movement arc representative examples the widespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict -- which also existed between North and South -- deserves further investigation. In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand the consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it. According to the passage, Loyalism during the American Revolutionary War served the function of ______.
A. eliminating the disputes that existed among those colonists who supported the rebel cause
B. drawing upper, as opposed to lower, socioeconomic classes away from the rebel cause
C. tolerating the kinds of socioeconomic discontent that were not allowed to exist on the rebel side
D. absorbing members of socioeconomic groups on the rebel side who felt themselves in contention with members of other socioeconomic groups
一位海关检查员认为,他在特殊工作经历中培养了一种特殊的技能,即能够准确的判定一个人是否在欺骗他。他的根据是,在海关通道执行公务时,短短的几句话就能使他确定对方是否可疑;而在他认为可疑的人身上,无一例外地都查出了违禁物品。 以下哪项如果为真,最能削弱上述海关检查员的论证( ) Ⅰ.在他认为不可疑而未经检查的入关人员中,有人无意地携带了违禁物品。 Ⅱ.在他认为不可疑而未经检查的入关人员中,有人有意地携带了违禁物品。 Ⅲ.在他认为可疑并查出违禁物品的入关人员中,有人无意地携带了违禁物品。
A. 只有Ⅰ
B. 只有Ⅱ
C. 只有Ⅲ
D. 只有Ⅱ和Ⅲ
在某国进行的人口普查中,婚姻状况分为四种:未婚、已婚、离婚和丧偶。其中,已婚分为正常婚姻和分居;分居分为合法分居和非法分居;非法分居指分居者与人非法同居;非法同居指无婚姻关系的异性之间的同居。普查显示,2003年,非法同居的分居者中,女性比男性多100万。 如果以上调查及数据都是真实的,并且上述非法同居者都是该国人,则以下关于该国的断定哪些必为真( ) Ⅰ.与分居者非法同居的未婚、离婚或丧偶者中,男性多于女性。 Ⅱ.与分居者非法同居的人中,男性多于女性。 Ⅲ.与分居者非法同居的分居者中,男性多于女性。
A. 仅Ⅰ
B. 仅Ⅲ
C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ
D. Ⅰ和Ⅱ