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尽管Monroe一贯胃口不好，但是他却非常喜欢在Tip-Top饭店吃的三顿饭。然而不幸的是他每次饭后都得了病。第一次他吃了一块巨大的香肠比萨饼外加一道辣椒，第二次他尽其所能吃了“吃你所能吃炸虾”和辣椒特价菜；第三次他就着辣椒吃了两个 Tip-Top的大肉团三明治。因为这三顿饭中每次都有的菜只有辣椒，所以Monroe推论出他生病就是因为Tip-Top的辣椒。 Monroe的推理最易受到下面哪一项的批评

A. 作为得出他的结论的基础，在Tip-Top饭店食用的包括辣椒的饭的次数太少了。
B. 他在没有确定假设的原因是否先于假设的结果的情况下，假定了一个因果关系。
C. 他让自己继续在Tip-Top进餐的愿望使他的结论带上了偏见。
D. 他没有证明每个在Tip-Top吃过辣椒的人都生了病。
E. 他忽视了这样的事实，即对他来说所有这三餐饭他都吃得太多了。

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Samples from the floor of a rock shelter in Pennsylvania were dated by analyzing the carbon they contained. The dates assigned to samples associated with human activities formed a consistent series, beginning with the present and going back in time, a series that was correlated with the depth from which the samples came. The oldest and deepest sample was dated at 19,650 years before the present, plus or minus 2,400 years. Skeptics, viewing that date as too early and inconsistent with the accepted date of human migration into North America, suggested that the samples could have been contaminated by dissolved "old carbon" carried by percolating groundwater from nearby coal deposits.Which one of the following considerations, if tree, argues most strongly against the suggestion of the （）

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B. Not every application of the carbon-dating procedure has led to results that have been generally acceptable to scientists
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D. No sample in the series, when retested by the carbondating procedure, was assigned an earlier date than that assigned to a sample from a layer above it
E. No North American site besides the one in Pennsylvania has ever yielded a sample to which the carbon-dating procedure assigned a date that was comparably ancient

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