题目内容

Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or "whole-word" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the serf-directed, "learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates of "open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these "Run- Spot-Run" readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said-and mere scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed-that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(声学), is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step. The author indicts the look-say reading approach because ()

A. it overlooks decoding
B. Rudolf Flesch agrees with him
C. he says it is boring
D. many schools continue to use this method

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Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or "whole-word" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the serf-directed, "learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates of "open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these "Run- Spot-Run" readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said-and mere scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed-that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(声学), is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step. The phrase "touch-off" (Para 3, Line 1) most probably means ()

A. talk about shortly
B. start or cause
C. compare with
D. oppose

Happiness is (21) everyone looks for. Maybe someone says that he is (22) . However, what makes him happy may not (23) for Others. And even worse, someone may spend all his (24) looking for happiness, but in vain(徒然).In the past, I tried my best to (25) myself happy. I thought if I could freely get and do what I wanted to, I (26) be happy. Certainly, it was possible but I was (27) Though I could be happy at times, I couldn’t keep my happiness for a long time. Why One day, when I told a friend of mine what I (28) about happiness, he smiled and said only a few words, "Happiness is not a single thing but a by- product(副产品)." I was surprised, but he was really (29) Someone thinks money can (30) everything, but when he becomes a millionaire after his work, perhaps he (31) find that he has new (32) . And he has to go to church for(33) . Sometimes love can bring happiness, (34) at other times it (35) misunderstanding, tiredness, and even quarrelling. Happiness is only a by-product of all (36) of things you love to do. You can not grasp it in a (37) way. That is, it is not a thing existing in material form but in your senses. You should tell yourself, "I do not (38) whether I’m happy or not. But I must love my life." And one day you will suddenly find happiness (39) has quietly (40) . 28()

A. mind
B. matter
C. care for
D. wonder

Happiness is (21) everyone looks for. Maybe someone says that he is (22) . However, what makes him happy may not (23) for Others. And even worse, someone may spend all his (24) looking for happiness, but in vain(徒然).In the past, I tried my best to (25) myself happy. I thought if I could freely get and do what I wanted to, I (26) be happy. Certainly, it was possible but I was (27) Though I could be happy at times, I couldn’t keep my happiness for a long time. Why One day, when I told a friend of mine what I (28) about happiness, he smiled and said only a few words, "Happiness is not a single thing but a by- product(副产品)." I was surprised, but he was really (29) Someone thinks money can (30) everything, but when he becomes a millionaire after his work, perhaps he (31) find that he has new (32) . And he has to go to church for(33) . Sometimes love can bring happiness, (34) at other times it (35) misunderstanding, tiredness, and even quarrelling. Happiness is only a by-product of all (36) of things you love to do. You can not grasp it in a (37) way. That is, it is not a thing existing in material form but in your senses. You should tell yourself, "I do not (38) whether I’m happy or not. But I must love my life." And one day you will suddenly find happiness (39) has quietly (40) . 26()

A. could
B. should
C. would
D. need

某台车床有A、B、C三个组加工某一产品,三个组的产品都用直方图来表示分布,分布的类型为:A组:锯齿型; B组:标准型;C组:双峰班。根据资料可分析出: 分组时若组数取得较多,作出的直方图过于分散或呈现( )。

A. 双峰状
B. 孤岛状
C. 锯齿状
D. 偏峰状

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