The degree to which jobs are standardized and guided by rules and procedures is called ______________.
A. work specialization
B. centralization
C. decentralization
D. formalization
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The degree to which decision making is confined at a single point in an organization is described as ____________.
A. unity of command
B. chain of command
C. span of management
D. centralization
Departmentalization based on _______________ groups’ jobs is based on the territory or physical location.
A. functional
B. product
C. geographic
D. matrix
In describing the degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs, managers use the term ___________.
A. work specialization
B. departmentalization
C. chain of command
D. span of control
In _______________, the organization gains control of its outputs by becoming its own distributor.
A. backward horizontal integration
B. forward horizontal integration
C. backward vertical integration
D. forward vertical integration