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When catastrophic floods hit Bangladesh, TNT’s emergency-response team was ready. The logistics giant, with headquarters in Amsterdam, has 50 people on standby to intervene anywhere in the world at 48 hours’ notice. This is part of a five-year-old partnership with the World Food Program (WFP), the UN’s agency that fights hunger. The team has attended to some two dozen emergencies, including the Asian tsunami in 2004. "We’re just faster," says Ludo Oelrich, the director of TNT’s "Moving the World" program. Emergency help is not TNT’s only offering. Volunteers do stints around the world on secondment to WFP and staff are encouraged to raise money for the program (they generated euro2.5m last year). There is knowledge transfer, too: TNT recently improved the school-food supply chain in Liberia, increasing WFP’s efficiency by 15-20%, and plans to do the same in Congo. Why does TNT do these things "People feel this is a company that does more than take care of the bottom line," says Mr. Oelrich. "It’s providing a soul to TNT." In a 2006 staff survey, 68% said the pro-bono activities made them prouder to work at the company. It also helps with recruitment: three out of four graduates who apply for jobs mention the WFP connection. Last year the company came top in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. TNT’s experience illustrates several trends in corporate philanthropy. First, collaboration is in, especially with NGOs. Companies try to pick partners with some relevance to their business. For TNT, the food program is a good fit because hunger is in part a logistical problem. Standard Chartered, a bank, is working with the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee on microfinance and with other NGOs on a campaign to help 10m blind people. Coca-Cola has identified water conservation as critical to its future as the world’s largest drinks company. Last June it announced an ambitious collaboration with WWF, a global environmental organization, to conserve seven major freshwater fiver basins. It is also working with Greenpeace to eliminate carbon emissions from coolers and vending machines. The co-operation is strictly non-financial, but marks a change in outlook. "Ten years ago you couldn’t get Coca-Cola and Greenpeace in the same room," says Neville Isdell, its CEO. Second, what used to be local community work is increasingly becoming global community work. In the mid-1990s nearly all IBM’s philanthropic spending was in America; now 60% is outside. Part of this involves a corporate version of the peace corps: young staff get one-month assignments in the developing world to work on worthy projects. The idea is not only to make a difference on the ground, but also to develop managers who understand how the wider world works. Third, once a formal program is in place, it becomes hard to stop. Indeed, it tends to grow, not least because employees are keen. In 1996 KPMG allowed its staff in Britain to spend two hours a month of their paid-for time on work for the community. Crucially for an accountancy firm, the work was given a time code. After a while it came to be seen as a business benefit. The program has expanded to half a day a month and now adds up to 40,000 donated hours a year. And increasingly it is not only inputs that are being measured but outputs as well. Salesforce.com, a software firm, tries to measure the impact of its volunteer programs, which involved 85% of its employees last year. All this has meant that straightforward cash donations have become less important. At IBM, in 1993 cash accounted for as much as 95% of total philanthropic giving; now it makes up only about 35%. But cash still matters. When Hank Paulson, now America’s treasury secretary, was boss of Goldman Sachs, he was persuaded to raise the amount that the firm chipped in to boost employees’ charitable donations. Now it is starting a philanthropy fund aiming for $1 billion to which the partners will be encouraged to contribute a share of their pay. No doubt that is good for the bank’s soul. This passage is mainly about
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There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so (61) with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that you’d think this was a new sort of (62) which all of us are now required to learn. The strongest impression the casual reader gets is that proper dying has become an extraordinary, (63) an exotic experience, something only the specially trained can do. (64) , you could be led to believe that we are the only (65) capable of being aware of death, and that when the rest of nature is experiencing the life cycle and dying, one generation after (66) , it is a different kind of process, done automatically and trivially, or more "natural", as we say. An elm in our backyard (67) the blight (枯萎病) this summer and dropped stone dead, leafless, almost overnight. One weekend (68) was a normal-looking elm, maybe a little bare in spots but (69) alarming, and the next weekend it was gone, passed over, departed, taken. Taken is right, for the tree surgeon came by yesterday with his (70) of young helpers and their cherry picker, and took it down branch by branch and carted it off in the back of a red truck, everyone (71) . The dying (72) a field mouse, at the jaws of an amiable household cat, is a spectacle I have beheld many times. It (73) to make me wince. However, early in life I gave up throwing sticks (74) the cat to make him drop the mouse, (75) the dropped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.
There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so (61) with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that you’d think this was a new sort of (62) which all of us are now required to learn. The strongest impression the casual reader gets is that proper dying has become an extraordinary, (63) an exotic experience, something only the specially trained can do. (64) , you could be led to believe that we are the only (65) capable of being aware of death, and that when the rest of nature is experiencing the life cycle and dying, one generation after (66) , it is a different kind of process, done automatically and trivially, or more "natural", as we say. An elm in our backyard (67) the blight (枯萎病) this summer and dropped stone dead, leafless, almost overnight. One weekend (68) was a normal-looking elm, maybe a little bare in spots but (69) alarming, and the next weekend it was gone, passed over, departed, taken. Taken is right, for the tree surgeon came by yesterday with his (70) of young helpers and their cherry picker, and took it down branch by branch and carted it off in the back of a red truck, everyone (71) . The dying (72) a field mouse, at the jaws of an amiable household cat, is a spectacle I have beheld many times. It (73) to make me wince. However, early in life I gave up throwing sticks (74) the cat to make him drop the mouse, (75) the dropped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.
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A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely land—that is the image most people have of deserts. But how true is this picture Deserts are dry lands where rainfall is low. This is not to say rain never falls in deserts: it may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun, or which evaporates in the hot air long before it has got anywhere near the earth. It may fall in a sudden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path. Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years. Without water no living thing can survive, and one feature of the true desert land-scape is the absence of vegetation. With little rain and hardly any vegetation the land suffers under the sun. There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth’s surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack. Wind and torrential rain sweep away and erode the surface further. Eight million square kilometers of the world’s land surface is desert. Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again. Cave paintings show that parts of the Sahara Desert were green and fertile about 10,000 years ago, and even animals like elephants and giraffes roamed the land. Fossil and dunes found in fertile and damp parts of the world show that these areas were once deserts. But now the creation of new desert areas is happening on a colossal scale. Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk, an area covering 30% of the earth’s land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert. The rate of growth of deserts is alarming. The world’s dry lands which are under threat include some of the most important stock-rearing and wheat-growing areas and are the homes of 600～700 million people. These regions are becoming deserts at the rate of more than 58,000 square kilometers a year or 44 hectares a minute. In North Africa at least 100,000 hectares of cropland are lost each year. At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet’s land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it. In the sentence "an area covering 30% of the earth’s land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert", the part of " is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert" can be best replaced with______.
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