A. Commitment: Developing export markets can be costly in terms of time, money have the commitment required to make a success of export Entering new markets and developing them usually takes considerable time and effort. You must take a long-term view. Consider how many resources and how long it takes to break into a new regional market in Australia. The time and cost can be multiplied several times when you are looking at an overseas market.B. Finance: Breaking into any new markets requites considerable funds (airfares, accommodation, advertising, sales promotion, new brochures, training of overseas sales agent, etc.). Does your company have the financial strength to commit say $ 30,000 or more for the year or two it may take to develop a new overseas market Discusses your plans with the international Department of your bank to ensure that all the financial aspects are covered and viable. Gain an understanding of international trade finance. Discuss costing-for-export with your accountant, and transport/packaging requirements with a customs agent or forwarding agent.C. Become familiar with common terms used in international trade. The Australian Trade Commission (AUSTRADE) and the major trading banks have reference booklets. The Australian Institute of Expert provides courses.D. Select one or two likely markets and undertake desk research to identify their characteristics. Most first-time exporters start with New Zeatand. Many are also interested in the USA, but that is an enormous and complex market. In making a detailed market study the following should be considered: ·whether the country selected already imports the product (import statistics will show how much and from where) ·what import duties the product would attract ·other barriers to imports, such as import licensing ·frequency and cost of shipping or airfreight between Australia and the market ·regulations, such as quarantine and labeling standards, consumer protection rules, and product standards ·whether cultural differences need to be taken into account. ’Read economic and social literature on the target market to understand its fundamental characteristics.E. The desk research should have indicated the market with the most potential and you should now be in a good position to visit the target market. The main purpose of the visit will be to study its special characteristics, the opportunities/competition at first hand, seek a suitable agent or distributor, and jointly draw up an appropriate marketing plan to introduce and expand the sale of your product. These are all very important considerations, and more than one visit will probably be necessary. Choosing the right agent, for most Companies, is probably the single most important step. Do not rush this step. A long-term approach has to be taken in projecting how to crack the world market.
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Hurtling as we are towards the new millennium, with all the social changes this iconic date implies, it is increasingly apparent (21) the world of business is experiencing fundamental shifts. Today, both companies and schools are increasingly aware that business is a human activity; it’s ultimately (22) and about people. In future, employers will (23) doubt demand more rounded individuals to run their operations, which naturally creates a question for the next generation of students, "Is the classic MBA still the model—and obligatory—passage toward that ideal career" The Masters of Business Administration (MBA), the best-known business school label, is an introduction to general management. The traditional MBA, Harvard-style, has remained largely unaltered (24) the 1950s, and seeks to provide a thorough knowledge of business functions through the case study—a(n) (25) incidentally borrowed from law school. The trouble is that the real world is not a theoretical exercise. The problems managers face today are messy, and, if anything, are becoming messier, neither fitting in neat functional boxes nor (26) one simple answer. Ambiguity is the hardest (27) to manage, but it’s the one most managers are wrestling with. "Management is more art than science," observes Richard D’Aveni, professor of strategic management at Dartmouth’s Amos Tuck School of Business Administration. "No one can say with certainty which decisions will bring the most (28) , any more than they can create instructions over (29) to sculpt a masterpiece. You just have to feel it as it goes." John Quelch is another business-school insider who detects the limitations of the traditional syllabus. According to Quelch, leadership is an area that b-schools have not fully addressed. It is notoriously hard to teach, (30) programs do have the capacity to provide a grounding in non-business areas and personal growth.
A. without
B. with
C. in
D. above
Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you, will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. What will happen if the man does not receive his financial aid
A. It will be impossible for him to register.
B. It may still be possible to register if he gets a letter from the university financial officer.
C. He will make arrangements with the registrar after registration.
D. He can still register but he will have to wait until the registration of senior students is over.
Hurtling as we are towards the new millennium, with all the social changes this iconic date implies, it is increasingly apparent (21) the world of business is experiencing fundamental shifts. Today, both companies and schools are increasingly aware that business is a human activity; it’s ultimately (22) and about people. In future, employers will (23) doubt demand more rounded individuals to run their operations, which naturally creates a question for the next generation of students, "Is the classic MBA still the model—and obligatory—passage toward that ideal career" The Masters of Business Administration (MBA), the best-known business school label, is an introduction to general management. The traditional MBA, Harvard-style, has remained largely unaltered (24) the 1950s, and seeks to provide a thorough knowledge of business functions through the case study—a(n) (25) incidentally borrowed from law school. The trouble is that the real world is not a theoretical exercise. The problems managers face today are messy, and, if anything, are becoming messier, neither fitting in neat functional boxes nor (26) one simple answer. Ambiguity is the hardest (27) to manage, but it’s the one most managers are wrestling with. "Management is more art than science," observes Richard D’Aveni, professor of strategic management at Dartmouth’s Amos Tuck School of Business Administration. "No one can say with certainty which decisions will bring the most (28) , any more than they can create instructions over (29) to sculpt a masterpiece. You just have to feel it as it goes." John Quelch is another business-school insider who detects the limitations of the traditional syllabus. According to Quelch, leadership is an area that b-schools have not fully addressed. It is notoriously hard to teach, (30) programs do have the capacity to provide a grounding in non-business areas and personal growth.
A. for
B. to
C. with
D. by
Harriet Beecher Stowe was raised in a Puritan tradition of high moral standard. Her father Lyman Beecher was a Congregational Minister and brother Henry Ward Beecher became pastor of Brooklyn’s Plymouth Church. The Beechers moved to Cincinatti when Lyman Beecher was appointed President of Lane Theological seminary. There, Harriet’s sister Catharine founded Western Female Institute, where Harriet taught until her 1834 marriage to widower Calvin Stowe, a Biblical Literature professor at Lane. During the first seven years of marriage she bore five children, writing pieces for magazines to compliment Professor Stowe’s meager salary. She won a short story prize from Western Monthly Magazine, and her literary production and skill increased steadily. In 1834, her short-story collection The Mayflower was published. This Ohio period gave Stowe the impetus to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Cincinnati was just across the river from the slave trade, and she observed firsthand several incidents which galvanized her to write famous anti-slavery novel. Scenes she observed on the Ohio River, including seeing a husband and wife being sold apart, as well as newspaper and magazine accounts and interviews, contributed material to the e-merging plot. The family shared her abolitionist sentiment and was active in hiding runaway slaves. In 1850 Calvin Stowe was appointed at Bowdoin, and the entire family returned to the Northeast. They reached Boston at the height of the public furor over the 1850 Fugitive Slaye Law, which mandated the return of runaway slaves already in the North to their owners. Many former slaves fled to Canada from their homes in New England. Harriet set about writing a polemical novel illustrating the moral responsibility of the entire nation for the cruel system. She forwarded the first episodes to Dr. Bailey, editor of the Washington anti-slavery weekly, The National Era. He agreed to pay $ 300 for the work, then published it in 40 installments. The suspenseful episodes were read weekly to families and gatherings throughout the land. Despite The National Era’s small circulation, limited to an audience already sympathetic to abolitionism, the installments reached a large audience as worn copies were passed from family to family. Although many Northerners considered slavery a political institution for which they had no personal responsibility, Uncle Tom’s Cabin was becoming a national sensation. The episodes attracted the attention of Boston publisher, J. P. Jewett, who published the work in March of 1852. Uncle Tom’s Cabin immediately broke all sales records of the day: selling half-a-million copies by 1857. Harriet Beecher Stowe received royalties only on the American editions; unauthorized dramatic productions boomed, as did a profusion of artifacts, "Tomitudes," based on the story. Pirated European editions also had astronomical sales. Putnam’s Magazine called Uncle Tom’s Cabin "the first real success in bookmaking." Stowe went on to many other literary projects, producing about a book a year from 1862 to 1884. For all the attention given to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, it’s far from Stowe’s best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing the south at all. In fact, Stowe’s best writing is about village life in the New England’s states in the 19th century. However, she is still most remembered as the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. According to the last paragraph, we can infer that Uncle Tom’s Cabin is ______ .
A. Stowe’s best work
B. Stowe’s most famous work
C. Stowe’s only novel left in the world
D. Stowe’s only work about the slavery