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考核要求 中文基本录入:在10min之内录入以下内容。 冰川是一种巨大的流动固体,是在高寒地区由雪再结晶聚积成巨大的冰川冰,因重力这主要因素使冰川冰流动,成为冰川。冰川作用包括侵蚀、搬运、堆积等,这些作用造成许多地形,使得经过冰川作用的地区形成多样的冰川地貌。此外,若将冰川的体积换咸水量,则除海水之外,占地球上所有的水量的97.8%。 在极地和高山地区,气候严寒,常年积雪,当雪积聚在地面上后,如果温度降低到零下,可以受到它本身的压力作用或经再度结晶而造成雪粒,称为粒雪。当雪层增加,将粒雪往更深处埋,冰的结晶越变越粗,而粒雪的密度则因存在于粒雪颗粒间的空气体积不断减少而增加,使粒雪变得更为密实而形成蓝色的冰川冰,冰川冰形成后,因受自身很大的重力作用形成塑性体,沿斜坡缓慢运动或在冰层压力下缓缓流动形成冰川。 冰川是个开放的系统,冰川在重力的作用之下流动。雪以堆积的方式进入到冰川系统,而且转变形成冰,冰在其本身重量的压力之下由堆积带向外流动,而冰在消融带以蒸发和溶融方式离开系统。在堆积速度与消融速度之间的平衡决定了冰川系统的规模。 冰川前后可以分为两部分,在后者或上游部分称为冰川堆积带;在前者或下游部分称为冰川消融带,其分界线是雪线,在雪线处雪的累积量与消融量处于平衡状态。 冰川是地表上长期存在并能自行运动的天然冰体。由大气固体降水经多年积累而成,是地表重要的淡水资源。冰川一词来自拉丁文glacier(意为冰)。《世界冰川目录资料编辑指南》把冰川面积超过0.1平方千米者作为统计对象。以平衡线(又称雪线)为界把冰川分为两部分,上部为粒雪盆,下部为冰舌区,它们构成一个完整的冰川系统。 冰川自两极到赤道带的高山都有分布,总面积约达16227500平方千米,即覆盖了地球陆地面积的11%。约占地球上淡水总量的69%。现代冰川面积的97%、冰量的99%为南极大陆和格陵兰两大冰盖所占用,特别是南极大陆冰盖面积达到1398万平方千米(包括冰架),最大冰厚度超过4000米,冰从冰盖中央向四周流动,最后流到海洋中崩解。 冰川是由多年积累起来的大气固体降水在重力作用下,经过一系列变质成冰过程形成的,主要经历粒雪化和冰川冰两个阶段。它不同于冬季河湖冻结的水冻冰,构成冰川的主要物质是冰川冰。 新雪降落到地面后,经过一个消融季节未融化的雪叫粒雪。新雪的水分子从雪片的尖端和边缘向凹处迁移,使晶体变圆的过程叫粒雪化。在这个过程中,雪逐步密实,经融化、再冻结、碰撞、压实,使晶体合并,数量减少而体积增大,冰晶间的孔隙减少,发展成颈状连接,称为密实化。粒雪化和密实化过程在接近融点的温度下,进行很快;在负低温下,进行缓慢。 当粒雪密度达到0.5~0.6克/厘米3时,粒雪化过程变得缓慢。在自重的作用下,粒雪进一步密实或由融水渗浸再冻结,晶粒改变其大小和形态,出现定向增长。当其密度达到0.84克/厘米3时,晶粒间失去透气性和透水性,便成为冰川冰。粒雪转化成冰川冰的时间从数年至数千年。

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阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。 Health Education1.Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person’s behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养)child, and the butcher (屠夫,卖肉的人)who gets a cut on his finger, By changing their beha~vior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2.Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫) :scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people to go receive the immunization.3.Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4.Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resouces, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5.Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life. Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of ______.A many vaccinesB prevent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behaviorF other health services

阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Stinking (发臭的) Buses Stinking buses jam(挤满) the crowded street. Drivers (51) at one another and honk(鸣喇叭)their horns. Smog(烟雾)hurts the eyes and chokes(窒息) the senses. The (52) is Athens at rush hour. The city is in a sorry state of affairs, built (53) a plan, lacking even adequate sewerage facilities (排水设施) ,its 135 square miles packed with 3.7 million people. So great has been the population flow toward the city that neighboring villages stand (54) or nearly so. About 120,000 people from distant provinces move to Athens every year. The migrants come for the few available (55) . Because of migration, Athens by the year 2000 will have a population of 6.5 million, more than half the nation. Aside from overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest (56) facing Athenians are noise and pollution. A government study (57) that Athens was the noisiest city in the world. Smog is almost at killing levels: up to four times the level that the World Health Organization considers safe. Nearly half the pollution comes from cars. (58) high prices for vehicles and fuel, nearly 100,000 automobiles are sold in Greece each year: 3,000 drivers’ licenses are (59) in Athens monthly. After decades of neglect, Athens is at (60) getting some attention. In March a government meeting was held to discuss a plan to make the city (61) and clean up its environment. A save-Athens ministry will propose heavy taxes to (62) immigration and a minimum of $5 billion in public spending for Athens alone. A master plan that will move many government offices to the city’s (63) is already in the works. Meanwhile, more Greeks (64) moving into Athens. With few parks and few oxygen-producing plants, the city and its citizens are (65) suffocating(窒息).

A. reached
B. concluded
C. received
D. conducted

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某公司计划投资一个建材生产项目,现在需要对项目的建设方案进行分析。在产品方案选择方面,可以选择只生产油漆涂料等饰面材料,也可以选择生产陶瓷、石材、油漆涂料、卫浴洁具等多种产品,其中一种或几种产品为主导产品。根据项目的产品方案、建设规模等,还要对项目进行总图运输方案研究,以便对工程总体空间和设施进行合理布置。已知项目固定资产总投资为1000万,总用地面积10万m2,总建筑面积30万m2。 问题 计算投资强度和容积率。

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