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电子制造服务(EMS)提供商弗莱克斯特罗尼克斯国际公司两年前便面临着一个既充满机遇又充满挑战的市场环境。弗莱克斯特罗尼克斯公司面临的境遇不是罕见的。事实上,许多其他行业的公司都在它们的供应链中面临着同样的问题。很多岌岌可危的问题存在于供应链的方方面面——采购、制造、分销、物流、设计、融资等。 供应链绩效控制的传统方法 惠普、3COM、诺基亚等高科技原始设备制造商(OEM)出现的外包趋势,来自电子制造服务业的订单却在减少,同时,弗莱克斯特罗尼克斯受到来自制造成本和直接材料成本大幅度缩减的压力。供应链绩效控制变得日益重要起来。 弗莱克斯特罗尼克斯使用了供应链绩效管理的方法,使它能确认邮政汇票的异常情况,了解根本原因和潜在的选择,采取行动更换供应商、缩减过度成本、利用谈判的力量。绩效管理的方法包括实施基于Web的软件系统加速供应链绩效管理的周期。弗莱克斯特罗尼克斯在8个月的“实施存活期”中节约了几百亿美元,最终在第一年产生了巨大的投资回报。供应链绩效管理周期使弗莱克斯特罗尼克斯获得这样的结果。 弗莱克斯特罗尼克斯实施供应链绩效管理带给业界很多启示:供应链绩效管理有许多基本的原则,可以避免传统方法的缺陷;交叉性功能平衡指标是必要的,但不是充分的。供应链绩效管理应该是一个周期,它包括确定问题、明确根本原因、以正确的行动对问题做出反应、连续确认处于风险中的数据、流程和行动。 供应链绩效评价管理可以解决供应链的哪些问题

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简述供应链绩效评价的作用。

The unknown pervades the universe. That which people can see, with the aid of various sorts of telescope, accounts for just 4% of the total mass. The rest, however, must exist. Without it, galaxies would not survive and the universe would not be gently expanding, as witnessed by astronomers. What exactly constitutes this dark matter and dark energy remains mysterious, but physicists have recently uncovered some more clues, about the former, at least. One possible explanation for dark matter is a group of subatomic particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos are thought to be the most abundant particles in the universe. According to the Standard Model, the most successful description of particle physics to date, neutrinos come in three varieties, called "flavors". Again, according to the Standard Model, they are point-like, electrically neutral and massless. But in recent years, this view has been challenged, as physicists realized that neutrinos might have mass. The first strong evidence came in 1998, when researchers at an experiment, based in Japan, showed that muon neutrinos produced by cosmic rays hitting the upper atmosphere had gone missing by the time they should have reached an underground detector. Its operators suspect that the missing muon neutrinos had changed flavor, becoming electron neutrinos or-more likely-tau neutrinos. Theo- ry suggests that this process, called oscillation, can happen only if neutrinos have mass. Over the coming months and years, researchers hope to produce the most accurate measurements yet. The researchers created a beam of muon neutrinos first. On the other side of the target sat a particle detector that monitored the number of muon neutrinos leaving. The neutrinos then travelled 750km (450 miles) through the Earth to a detector in a former iron mine in Soudan, Minnesota. Researchers then were able to confirm that a significant number of muon neutrinos had disappeared-that is, they had changed flavor. While their mass is so small that neutrinos cannot be the sole constituent of dark matter, they have an advantage in that they are at least known to exist. The same cannot be said for sure of another possible form of dark matter being studied by a group of physicists in Italy. If the result continues to withstand scrutiny, it would appear to be evidence for an exotic new sort of fundamental particle, known as an axion, which could also be a type of dark matter. What aspect about neutrinos has been questioned in recent years

A. Neutrinos are in the shape of points.
B. There are altogether three different varieties of Neutrinos.
C. Neutrinos do not have any mass.
D. Neutrinos are the most abundant particles in the universe.

The unknown pervades the universe. That which people can see, with the aid of various sorts of telescope, accounts for just 4% of the total mass. The rest, however, must exist. Without it, galaxies would not survive and the universe would not be gently expanding, as witnessed by astronomers. What exactly constitutes this dark matter and dark energy remains mysterious, but physicists have recently uncovered some more clues, about the former, at least. One possible explanation for dark matter is a group of subatomic particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos are thought to be the most abundant particles in the universe. According to the Standard Model, the most successful description of particle physics to date, neutrinos come in three varieties, called "flavors". Again, according to the Standard Model, they are point-like, electrically neutral and massless. But in recent years, this view has been challenged, as physicists realized that neutrinos might have mass. The first strong evidence came in 1998, when researchers at an experiment, based in Japan, showed that muon neutrinos produced by cosmic rays hitting the upper atmosphere had gone missing by the time they should have reached an underground detector. Its operators suspect that the missing muon neutrinos had changed flavor, becoming electron neutrinos or-more likely-tau neutrinos. Theo- ry suggests that this process, called oscillation, can happen only if neutrinos have mass. Over the coming months and years, researchers hope to produce the most accurate measurements yet. The researchers created a beam of muon neutrinos first. On the other side of the target sat a particle detector that monitored the number of muon neutrinos leaving. The neutrinos then travelled 750km (450 miles) through the Earth to a detector in a former iron mine in Soudan, Minnesota. Researchers then were able to confirm that a significant number of muon neutrinos had disappeared-that is, they had changed flavor. While their mass is so small that neutrinos cannot be the sole constituent of dark matter, they have an advantage in that they are at least known to exist. The same cannot be said for sure of another possible form of dark matter being studied by a group of physicists in Italy. If the result continues to withstand scrutiny, it would appear to be evidence for an exotic new sort of fundamental particle, known as an axion, which could also be a type of dark matter. What does the word "pervades"(Line 1, Para. 1) mean

A. Be of higher rank or authority.
B. To spread through the whole extent of.
C. To gain the victory or superiority.
D. To make something come true.

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