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No one word demonstrated the shift in corporations’ attention in the mid-1990s from processes to people more vividly than the single word "talent". (62) the word lies the idea that more and more corporate (63) .is going to be created by knowledge and by so-called "knowledge workers". (64) labour is worth less; knowledge is worth more.This has significantly shifted the balance of power in the (65) process. Companies used to be (66) about finding enough qualified people to run their operations. What they could not fmd they would train, was the (67) attitude. That might take some time, but in a world where people sought jobs for life time was in the company’s (68) But talent is not patient, and it is not faithful. Many companies found themselves training employees (69) for them to go on and sell their acquired skills to their (70) So now they look for talent that is ready-made.In their eagerness to (71) this talent, companies have gone to considerable lengths to appear especially attractive. They have, (72) , devoted (奉献) a great deal of effort to the design of their websites, often the first (73) of call these days for bright young (74) recruits. They have in many cases (75) their HR departments, in part so that they can (76) their remuneration (报酬 ) packages more finely for the individuals that they really require. And they have altered their approach to issues such as governance and environmental responsibility (77) they know that many of the talented people they are seeking want to work for ethical and (78) employers.Talented people increasingly want to work in places where they can feel good about what they do for most of the day. What’s more, in today’s knowledge-based businesses, these young people are far more (79) of their working environment, of "what’s going on around here", than were their grandparents. It is harder for today’s businesses to (80) from their employees what they are (81) to--even when, as in cases such as Euron and WorldCom, they put a lot of effort into it. 68（）
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No one word demonstrated the shift in corporations’ attention in the mid-1990s from processes to people more vividly than the single word "talent". (62) the word lies the idea that more and more corporate (63) .is going to be created by knowledge and by so-called "knowledge workers". (64) labour is worth less; knowledge is worth more.This has significantly shifted the balance of power in the (65) process. Companies used to be (66) about finding enough qualified people to run their operations. What they could not fmd they would train, was the (67) attitude. That might take some time, but in a world where people sought jobs for life time was in the company’s (68) But talent is not patient, and it is not faithful. Many companies found themselves training employees (69) for them to go on and sell their acquired skills to their (70) So now they look for talent that is ready-made.In their eagerness to (71) this talent, companies have gone to considerable lengths to appear especially attractive. They have, (72) , devoted (奉献) a great deal of effort to the design of their websites, often the first (73) of call these days for bright young (74) recruits. They have in many cases (75) their HR departments, in part so that they can (76) their remuneration (报酬 ) packages more finely for the individuals that they really require. And they have altered their approach to issues such as governance and environmental responsibility (77) they know that many of the talented people they are seeking want to work for ethical and (78) employers.Talented people increasingly want to work in places where they can feel good about what they do for most of the day. What’s more, in today’s knowledge-based businesses, these young people are far more (79) of their working environment, of "what’s going on around here", than were their grandparents. It is harder for today’s businesses to (80) from their employees what they are (81) to--even when, as in cases such as Euron and WorldCom, they put a lot of effort into it. 71（）
We tend to think of memory as unique to animals. But it isn’t. Plants also have a form of memory. Yes: they, too, are shaped by what happens to them, and alter their responses to future events based on their experiences in the past.For example, like all plants, wild tobacco, (also called Nicotiana sylvestris) can’t move to escape from its enenfies--the caterpillars (毛虫) and other animals that enjoy eating its leaves. It can, however, act to stop them. It can detect damaged leaves; in response, it produces nicotine. The nicotine travels from the roots, through the sap (树液) and into the leaves~ Nicotine apparently doesn’t taste good: caterpillars fed on leaves from plants that recently experienced damage--and so are high in nicotine--eat much less than caterpillars fed on leaves from previously undamaged plants.But here’s the interesting part. Tobacco plants attacked for the first time take longer to mount their defense than tobacco plants that have previously experienced an attack. This isn’t because the previously attacked plants keep on producing a higher level of nicotine--they don’t. Nicotine is expensive for a plant to make, so they only do it when necessary. And plants that have been attacked twice are faster to respond than plants that have only been damaged once. Somehow, they remember.The physical basis of plant memory is still being figured out. Of course trees don’t have conscious memory. But by now it’s clear that wild tobacco is not the only plant with the capacity for memory, nor is caterpillar attack the only stress that produces such an effect. Drought, cold and altered salt levels in the soil all do so; likewise, exposure to bacteria.If plants remember-can they also forget As far as I can tell, no one knows the answer to this yet. Nor does anyone know how many different kinds of stresses a plant can keep track of at once. But the subject is important, as the stresses plants are exposed to can affect how well they grow. Being able to prime them to respond to pests, or enable them to forget about a drought, could have big implications for agriculture. Stresses plants are exposed to will impose an impact on （）
______ (如果一个人遭受一些磨难) at some time during his early adult life, he would learn to value his life more.
Several years ago I was teaching a course on the philosophical assumptions and cultural impact of massive multi-user online games at Williams College. The students in the course were very intelligent and obviously interested in the topic.But as the semester progressed, I began to detect a problem with the class. The students were working hard and performing well but there was no energy in our discussions and no passion in the students. They were hesitant to express their ideas and often seemed to be going through the motions. I tried to encourage them to be more venturesome with tactics I had used successfully in the past but nothing worked.One day I asked them what was or, perhaps better, was not going on. Why were they so cautions and where was their enthnsiasm for learning They seemed relieved to talk about it and their response surprised me. Since pre-kindergarten, they explained, they had been programmed to perform well so they could get to the next level. They had been taught the downside of risk and encouraged to play it safe. What mattered most was getting into a good elementary school, middle school and high school so that they would finally be admitted to a top college. Having succeeded beyond their parents’ wildest expectations, they did not know why they were in college and had no idea what to do after graduation.In today’s market-driven economy we constantly hear that choice is the highest good and that competition fuels innovation. But this is not always true. Choice provokes anxiety and competition can quell (压倒) the imagination and discourage the spirit of experimentation that is necessary for creativity. In a world obsessed with ratings, well-meaning parents all too often train their children to jump through the hoops they think will lead to success.This was a bad bet--the course many young people were forced to take has not paid off. The lucrative jobs they expected as a reward for years of hard work have vanished and show little sign of returning in the near future. The difficult truth is that their education has not prepared them for the world they face.Though many young people have become disillusioned with Wall Street and all it represents and would like to pursue alternative careers, they have neither the educational nor financial resources to do so. The situation is critical--colleges and universities must be reformed in ways that allow students to develop the knowledge and skills they need for creative and productive lives. And parents must give their children the freedom to explore possibilities they never could have imagined. As it is mentioned in the last paragraph, children should be allowed to explore possibilities that （）
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