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Promptness is important in American business, academic, and social settings. The (56) of punctuality is taught to young children at school. Today slips and the use of bells signal to the child that (57) and time itself are to be respected. People who keep (58) are considered dependable. If people are late for job interviews, appointments, or classes, they are often (59) unreliable and irresponsible. In the business setting, "time is money" and companies may (60) their executive for tardiness to business meetings. Of course, it is not always possible to be punctual. Social and business etiquette also provides rules for (61) arrivals. Calling (62) the telephone if one is going to be more than a few minutes late for (63) appointments is (64) polite and is often expected. Keeping a friend waiting (65) ten to twenty minutes is considered rude. Respecting deadlines is also important in academic and professional (66) . Students who (67) assignments late may be surprised to find that the professor will (68) their grade or even refuse to (69) their work. (70) it is a question of arriving on time or of meeting a deadline, people are culturally expected to stick to the schedule time.
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Passage Three Valentine’s Day is a festival of romance and affection. The holiday is an interesting combination of pagan (异教徒的) and Christian influences. Some of the day’s customs probably came from an ancient Roman holiday caned Lupercalia, Which honored Juno (wife of Jupiter, the goddess of women, marriage, and childbirth) and Pan (the God of nature). During the Lupercalia festival, young women dropped poems bearing their names into a large vase. Each young man picked a name from the vase to find his sweetheart for that year. During the Middle Ages, church leaders wanted to relate this pagan holiday to Christianity, so they renamed it after a Christian saint and moved the holiday from February 15 to February 14, the feast day of St. Valentine. St. Valentine was a third-century Christian martyr, a young man who was imprisoned in Rome for refusing to worship pagan gods. According to legend, before Valentine was beheaded on February 14, he restored the eyesight of his jailer’s blind daughter. Then he sent her a farewell letter signed, "From your Valentine". This phrase is now a common expression of affection that appears on many of the holiday greeting cards. Perhaps another reason that February 14 was picked as a holiday for lovers was that the ancient Romans believed that birds began to mate on this date. In modern times, early in February of each year, card shops, drugstores, and department stores begin displaying a wide variety of greeting cards called valentines. Most of them are illustrated with the symbolic red heart, which stands for love. Many also show a picture of Cupid with his bow and arrow. Some valentines are very fancy--decorated with paper lace, scented satin, feathers, ribbons, or bows. Some contain affectionate verses, while others simply say, "Be my Valentine". There are special Valentines for various family members, sweet hearts, and friends. People sometimes send anonymous valentines to the persons whom they are in secret love with. On that day, children usually buy packages of small, inexpensive valentines to give to classmates and teachers. Sweet-hearts and married couples may exchange more expensive cards, along with small gifts. Men often give red roses or chocolates wrapped up beautifully in red, heart-shaped boxes to their girlfriends or wives. All the following statements about Valentine’s Day are true except ______.
Passage Four Do you believe that severe punishment would deter potential criminals from evildoing Is death penalty (死刑) indispensable component of the criminal law Do you believe the arch criminals deserve another chance to turn over a new leaf Should capital punishment be abolished (废除的) In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. Many U.S. states still have the death penalty. Some use the electric chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first execution was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second, a man was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else. The death penalty advocates listed several points to support capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murders would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmed. The other argument is more suspectful. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally sets out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the delicious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: in Britain, 1903 was the record year for executions and yet in 1904, the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate would have fallen. The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a matter of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is that Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge. Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs
Passage Two We unemployed share a social stigma (耻辱) similar to that of the rape victim. Whether consciously or subconsciously, much of the work-ethic driven public feels that you’ve somehow "asked for it". Secretly wanted to lose your job and "flirted (幻想)" with unemployment through your attitude- probably dressed in a way to invite it (left the vest unbuttoned on your three-piece suit). But the worse of it isn’t society’s work-ethic morality; it’s your own, which you never knew you had. You find out how much self-satisfaction was gained from even the most simple work-related task: a well-worded letter, a well-handled phone call, even a clean file. Being useful to yourself isn’t enough. But then almost everyone has heard about the need to be a useful member of society. What you didn’t know about was the loneliness. You’ve spent your life almost constantly surrounded by people, in classes, in dorms and at work. To suddenly find yourself with only your cat to talk to all day distorts (歪曲) your sense of reality. You begin to worry that fights of fancy might become one way. But you always were, and still are, stronger than that. You maintain balance and perspective, mainly through resorting frequently to sarcasm (嘲笑) and irreverence. Although something going wrong in any aspect of your life now seems to push you into temporary despair much more easily than before, you have some very important things to hang on to-- people who care, your sense of humor, your talents, your cat and your hopes. And beyond that, you’ve gained something- a little more knowledge and a lot more compassion. You’ve learned the value of the routine you scorned and the importance of the job you took for granted. But most of all, you’ve learned what a "7.6 percent unemployment rate" really means. According to the passage, it makes one feel ______ to be unemployed.
Passage One If those "mad moments"--when you can’t remember what your friend has told you or where you left your keys--are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help. Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. "Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us had imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years," said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. ’Tin convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program," he added. In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist (神经学家) lists what he refers to as the 10 suggestions for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, reducing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. "Misplacing your keys a couple of times don’t mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back," he said. Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. Simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as "look" and "connect" are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. "So if you wanted to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a high eyebrow," said Small. "You associate the first thing that comes to your mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty, so I create a mental picture of Warren Beatty kissing her brow." Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. "Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing," he added. The "mad moment" in the first paragraph refers to the time when we ______
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