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第二篇 Don’t Count on Dung "Conservationists(自然保护主义者)may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, " say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind. The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. "We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect, "says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates. However, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. "But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道)," says Plumptre. He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. "This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally," says Plumptre "However accurate your dung density estimate might be the decay rate can severely affect the result." Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant’s natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says" If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎)outside. " Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞). The word "threatened" in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by
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下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断，如果该句提的是正确信息， 请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Marriage Advertisements in India Every Sunday morning millions of Indians settle down with a cup of tea and special weekend issues of their newspapers, just as Americans do. But here, with the marriage season approaching, many of them quickly to a Sunday feature that is particularly Indian — the columns of marriage advertisements in which young people look for husbands and wives. This is relatively(相关地)modern change in the age-old custom of the arranged marriage. The thousands of advertisements published each week increasingly reflect social changes that coming to this traditional society. For example, although women are still described in terms of appearance, or skill in "the wifely arts," information about her earning power is entering more and more of the advertisements. This reflects the arrival in India of the working wife. Divorce, which used to be almost unheard of in India, is sometimes now mentioned in the advertisements as in the case of a woman whose advertisement in New Delhi newspaper explained that had been "the innocent party" when her marriage broke up. Because the custom of the dowry(嫁妆)(marriage payment) is now illegal(违法的), some advertisements say "no dowry", or "simple marriage", which means the same thing. However, the fathers of many bridegrooms still require it. In a land where light skin is often regarded as socially preferable, many also require that a woman have a "wheat-color" complexion(面色) or that a man be "tall, fair and handsome". Advertisements are placed and eagerly read by a wide range of people in the upper classes, mostly in cities. Many of them receive dozens of answers. "There’s nothing embarrassing about it, " explained a Calcutta businessman advertising a son-in-law. "It’s just another way of broadening the contacts and increases the possibility of doing the contacts and increasing the possibilities of doing the best one for one’s daughter." Because of high unemployment and a generally poor standard of living here, one of the best attractions a marriage advertisement can offer is a permit to live abroad, especially in Canada or the United States. A person who has one can get what he wants. One recent Sunday in Madras, for example, a Punjabi engineer living in San Francisco advertised for a "beautiful slim bride with lovely features knowing music and dance. " And a man whose advertisement said that he held an American immigration permit was able to say, only girls from rich, well-connected families need apply. India’s society is changing.
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断，如果该句提的是正确信息， 请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Marriage Advertisements in India Every Sunday morning millions of Indians settle down with a cup of tea and special weekend issues of their newspapers, just as Americans do. But here, with the marriage season approaching, many of them quickly to a Sunday feature that is particularly Indian — the columns of marriage advertisements in which young people look for husbands and wives. This is relatively(相关地)modern change in the age-old custom of the arranged marriage. The thousands of advertisements published each week increasingly reflect social changes that coming to this traditional society. For example, although women are still described in terms of appearance, or skill in "the wifely arts," information about her earning power is entering more and more of the advertisements. This reflects the arrival in India of the working wife. Divorce, which used to be almost unheard of in India, is sometimes now mentioned in the advertisements as in the case of a woman whose advertisement in New Delhi newspaper explained that had been "the innocent party" when her marriage broke up. Because the custom of the dowry(嫁妆)(marriage payment) is now illegal(违法的), some advertisements say "no dowry", or "simple marriage", which means the same thing. However, the fathers of many bridegrooms still require it. In a land where light skin is often regarded as socially preferable, many also require that a woman have a "wheat-color" complexion(面色) or that a man be "tall, fair and handsome". Advertisements are placed and eagerly read by a wide range of people in the upper classes, mostly in cities. Many of them receive dozens of answers. "There’s nothing embarrassing about it, " explained a Calcutta businessman advertising a son-in-law. "It’s just another way of broadening the contacts and increases the possibility of doing the contacts and increasing the possibilities of doing the best one for one’s daughter." Because of high unemployment and a generally poor standard of living here, one of the best attractions a marriage advertisement can offer is a permit to live abroad, especially in Canada or the United States. A person who has one can get what he wants. One recent Sunday in Madras, for example, a Punjabi engineer living in San Francisco advertised for a "beautiful slim bride with lovely features knowing music and dance. " And a man whose advertisement said that he held an American immigration permit was able to say, only girls from rich, well-connected families need apply. In India there is a high divorce rate.
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Pretty Good When Spanish football club Barcelona paid US $ 35 million for Ronaldinho last summer, they weren’t buying a pretty face. "I am (51) ," admits the Brazilian superstar (超级明星). "But everyone has got a different kind of beauty. What I (52) have is charm." Indeed he has. His buck teeth (龅牙), flowing hair, big smile, and of course his (53) skills are always eye-catching on the pitch. The 23-year-old striker(中锋) scored two goals in a 3-2 win over Deportivo La Coruna on March 1. It was Barcelona’s sixth win in a row and, thanks to their Brazilian’s 10goal contribution, (54) looked like a poor season could now end a success. Ronaldinho — full name Ronaldo De Assis Moreira — is one of many South Americans who learned their skills playing in the backstreets before (55) them off on the world stage. Great things were (56) when Gremio signed him as a seven-year-old, and he soon became friends with Ronaldo, who was then the other young star of Brazilian football. It was Ronaldo who first called him Ronaldinho, which (57) Little Ronaldo. He first (58) for his country in 1999 but it was at the 2002 World Cup where he showed his real worth, scoring an unbelievable free-kick in Brazil’s quarter-final victory (59) England. "I have never failed to deliver in big matches," Ronaldinho says, "My game is based on improvisation (即兴表演). Often a forward does not have the time to decide whether to shoot or (60) . It is instinct that gives out the orders." While he may not have David Beckham’s good looks, Ronaldinho has a (61) reputation off the pitch. At former club Paris Saint Germain, which Sold him to Barcelona, he broke (62) rules by going out and enjoying the city’s nightlife. "Without doubt, Ronaldinho is the most (63) player I have ever come across," says former PSG coach Luis Fernandez, "The main (64) for any coach is that one player without discipline can hurt the whole team." But Ronaldinho doesn’t think he has done anything wrong. "I am just a young person who enjoys (65) ," he says.
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Pretty Good When Spanish football club Barcelona paid US $ 35 million for Ronaldinho last summer, they weren’t buying a pretty face. "I am (51) ," admits the Brazilian superstar (超级明星). "But everyone has got a different kind of beauty. What I (52) have is charm." Indeed he has. His buck teeth (龅牙), flowing hair, big smile, and of course his (53) skills are always eye-catching on the pitch. The 23-year-old striker(中锋) scored two goals in a 3-2 win over Deportivo La Coruna on March 1. It was Barcelona’s sixth win in a row and, thanks to their Brazilian’s 10goal contribution, (54) looked like a poor season could now end a success. Ronaldinho — full name Ronaldo De Assis Moreira — is one of many South Americans who learned their skills playing in the backstreets before (55) them off on the world stage. Great things were (56) when Gremio signed him as a seven-year-old, and he soon became friends with Ronaldo, who was then the other young star of Brazilian football. It was Ronaldo who first called him Ronaldinho, which (57) Little Ronaldo. He first (58) for his country in 1999 but it was at the 2002 World Cup where he showed his real worth, scoring an unbelievable free-kick in Brazil’s quarter-final victory (59) England. "I have never failed to deliver in big matches," Ronaldinho says, "My game is based on improvisation (即兴表演). Often a forward does not have the time to decide whether to shoot or (60) . It is instinct that gives out the orders." While he may not have David Beckham’s good looks, Ronaldinho has a (61) reputation off the pitch. At former club Paris Saint Germain, which Sold him to Barcelona, he broke (62) rules by going out and enjoying the city’s nightlife. "Without doubt, Ronaldinho is the most (63) player I have ever come across," says former PSG coach Luis Fernandez, "The main (64) for any coach is that one player without discipline can hurt the whole team." But Ronaldinho doesn’t think he has done anything wrong. "I am just a young person who enjoys (65) ," he says.
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