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M: Sally, come downstairs, please. Look at this job advertisement.W: (from a distance) I’m coming. Walt a moment. (nearer) Eric, I’m here. What’s the matterM: Look, Sally. Here’s a job advertisement. "Start a new life with Exco Exports Ltd. as personal assistant to our managing director!" Perhaps it’s the job you want.W: Personal assistant to the managing director Yes, it is! Eric, would you like to read it for meM: It’s my pleasure! Now, listen--"We will give the right person ￡ 3,500 pa for a 45-hour week, free training, the chance to join a pension scheme, 3 weeks’ holiday per year and a company car! Canteen facilities are also available."W: It sounds not so good. Only ￡ 3,500 every year. I think the salary is fairly low. The working hours seem too long, you see, a 45-hour week. Oh, my dear! And the holidays are short too, only 3 weeks.M: But you’re interested in this type of job. Since you have no job now, you can treat it as one of your choices.W: Hm, you are right. OK, I’ll write down the address. Eric, please repeat it to me.M: "Box 4032, London".W: Good, the company’s in London. I don’t want to work out of this city.M: Look, there is another point maybe you will be attracted by.W: Yes. Ah, just now, auntie Jenny called me.M: Really What did she sayW: She told me there’s a job opening for a secretarial position in her company. She asked me to apply for it.M: Sounds good. Would you like to tryW: I am interested in the work, but you know, her company is in the city of Edinburgh. So I thanked her and wrote down the address only.M: How kind she is!W: Yes, she is very kind... Oh, she invited us to her villa to attend her birthday party this Saturday.M: Sure we are going to attend it. But what present should we take How about a bottle of wine, or...W: Eric! Look, here’s another job advertisement.M: What is itW: Listen: "Join one of the world’s fastest growing companies: Exco Imports Lid."M: How about the workW: (go on) "We are looking for a personal assistant to help our managing director."M: Another personal assistant to the managing director.W: "We can offer: ￡ 6,500 pa, 6 weeks’ holiday, and a 35-hour week! And we have a supersocial club, too! Interested" Yes! I am interested!M: Where is the companyW: "Ring Carrie Jones on 01 734 6387 Now It’s in London. Oh, Eric, I am so happy. It’s the right job I want.M: It seems everything is wonderful.W: That’s right. I’ll call the person now! (dialling sound) Good morning! Is that Ms Carrie Jones I am Sally Brown... What will be thought about mostly when one wants to find a job()
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Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modem bent emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers of this time devoted much attention to such matters (31) natural beauty and representation. (32) that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more (33) and has begun to (34) the philosophy of nature. Various issues (35) to the philosophy of art have had a (36) impact (37) the orientation of 20th century aesthetics. (38) among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and (39) the distinction between representation end expression. Still another question has to do with the value of art. Two opposing theoretical positions (40) on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, (41) the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable end is an end in itself. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste. In recent years there has also been an increasing (42) with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, (43) have followed (44) of two approaches. In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis end interpretation of the work of art. (45) , it is devoted to articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to (46) a particular way of perceiving it. Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge end inquiry. The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such (47) problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the (48) of a history of art; the (49) of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical (50) in the conduct of everyday affairs.
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Psychologists originally used the term short-term memory to refer to the ability to hold information in mind over a brief period of time. As conceptions of short-terra memory expanded to include more than just the brief storage of information, psychologists created new terminology. The term working memory is now commonly used to refer to a broader system that both stores information briefly and allows manipulation and use of the stored information. Psychologists often study working memory storage by examining how well people remember a list of items. In a typical experiment, people are presented with a series of words, one every few seconds. Then they are instructed to recall as many of the words as they can, in any order. Most people remember the words at the beginning and end of the series better than those in the middle. This phenomenon is called the serial position effect because the chance of recalling an item is related to its position in the series. In this experiment, recall was tested either immediately after presentation of the list items or after 30 seconds. Subjects in both conditions demonstrated what is known as the primacy effect, which is better recall of the first few list items. Psychologists believe this effect occurs because people tend to process the first few items more than later items. Subjects in the immediate-recall condition also showed the recency effect, or better recall of the last items on the list. Working memory has a basic limitation: It can hold only a limited amount of information at one time. Early research on short-term storage of information focused on memory span--bow many items people can correctly recall in order. More recent studies have attempted to separate true storage capacity from processing capacity by using tests more complex than memory span. These studies have estimated a somewhat lower short-term storage capacity than did the earlier experiments. People can overcome such storage limitations by grouping information into chunks, or meaningful units. Working memory is critical for mental work, or thinking. The ability to carry out these kinds of calculations depends on working memory capacity, which varies individually. Studies have also shown that working memory changes with age. As children grow older, their working memory capacity increases. Working memory declines in old age and in some types of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Working memory capacity is correlated with intelligence (as measured by intelligence tests). This correlation has led some psychologists to argue that working memory abilities are essentially those that underlie general intelligence. In addition, research suggests that there are different types of working memory. For example, the ability to hold visual images in mind seems independent from the ability to retain verbal information. Which of the following can prove the validity of "recency effect"
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