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实践基础上的理论创新是社会发展和变革的先导。

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Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. There are thousands of volcanoes all over the world. What makes volcanoes What happens The inside of the earth is very hot. Because it is very hot, the rock has melted like ice. It has become liquid, like water. It is always boiling, like water in a kettle. If you have seen a kettle boiling, you know that the steam and boiling water try to get out. The very hot melted rock inside the earth also tries to get out. Usually it cannot because the outside of the earth is too thick and strong. But in some places the outside of the earth is thin and weak. Sometimes a crack （a small opening） appears. The hot melted rock , which we call “lava”, pushes up through the crack and bursts through . Steam and gas shoot up into the air and the hot melted lava pours out. Big pieces of rock may be thrown high into the air. After a while the volcano becomes quiet again. The melted lava becomes hard. Later the same thing happens again and again. Each time more hot lava pours out on top of the cold lava and then becomes hard. In this way a kind of mountain is built up, with a hole down the middle. Although there are thousands of volcanoes in the world, most of them are dead. Only about 500 sometimes start to throw out lava again. A famous volcano which is now dead is Mount Fujiyama in Japan. It is covered with snow on winter. Vesuvius is the name of a very famous volcano in Italy. It first came to life many, many years ago. It was quiet for hundreds of years. Then in the year 79 it suddenly burst. This has happened again many times since that year. Sometimes no damage was caused or only little damage. But there was serious damage in the years 472, 1631, 1794, 1861, 1872 and 1906. Statements: If there is a crack in a volcano the lava may bursts out, this is eruption.

A. 对
B. 错

在怀特教授去过的所有地方中，他最喜欢桂林。 ______________________________, he likes Guilin best.

Questions 56 to 63 are based on the following passage. In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.” And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human temptation （诱惑）. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience （良知）, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don’t use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else’s account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records. Some employees use the computer’s power to get revenge （报复） on their employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the firm’s computerized records. Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg”. As one official says, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing — the ones who know how a computer works.” Questions: The phrase “the tip of the iceberg” roughly means ________.

根据材料二，认真分析地下六合彩赌博肆虐农村的成因，并在此基础上，用200字左右的篇幅，简要说出治理农村六合彩赌博活动的主要措施。要求：成因分析合理，所提措施全面、可行、操作性强。