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明天的全国英语演讲比赛让琳恩感到很紧张。
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Allan Metcalf"s new book claims that the word "OK" is America"s greatest invention. This offers a pair of provocations. How can "OK" be an invention On a certain day, a certain guy just dreamed up the expression that has become the most frequently spoken word on the planet And even if it is an invention, can one little word really be greater than jazz, baseball, and the telephone Is it better thanThe SimpsonsThe answer to the first question, implausible as it sounds, is yes. In OK:The Improbable Story of America"s GreatestWord, Metcalf locates the first use of OK in an obscure corner of a Boston newspaper on March 23, 1839. As for the alleged greatness of the word, Metcalf"s slim volume doesn"t entirely persuade you that OK is a more valuable invention than, say, electric light. But the fact that he even raises the question is intriguing. If it does nothing else, Metcalf makes you acutely aware of how universal and vital the word has become.True story: the world"s most popular word began as a joke. In the late 1830s, America"s newspapers had great enthusiasm for abbreviations—also, to judge by Metcalf"s account, a sorry sense of humor. He devotes a chapter to trying to explain why readers of the Boston Morning Post might have been amused to see "o. k." used as a jokey abbreviation for "oll korrect," an intentional misspelling of "all correct." Apparently you had to be there. But the word soon got an enormous boost from Andrew Jackson—or his enemies, anyway. They circulated the rumor that the man of the people was barely literate and approved papers with the initials "O. K." for "oll korrect." It was a joke, Metcalf concludes, "but without it there"d be no OK."The word didn"t remain a joke for long. Telegraph operators began using it as a way to say "all clear." It became ubiquitous, turning up in all comers of the world, and beyond. Metcalf points out that OK was technically the first word spoken on the surface of the moon.When you pause to consider what a weird and wonderful little word OK is, the most remarkable thing isn"t that it"s so great or that it was invented but that it"s American. To foreigners in the 20th century, Metcalf writes, the word embodied "American simplicity, pragmatism, and optimism." To us today, the word sums up "a whole two-letter American philosophy of tolerance, even admiration for difference." Which of the following is true about Andrew Jackson
An Indian website, ipaidabribe.com, set up last summer by anti-corruption activists, reveals just how greedy officials can be. It has documented over 8,500 instances of bribery adding up to nearly 375m rupees. These include 100 rupees to get a policeman to register a complaint about a stolen mobile phone and 500 rupees for a clerk to hand over a marriage certificate. The amounts are much larger to facilitate income-tax refunds, where the standard "charge" is 10%; sums between 5,000 and 50,000 rupees change hands.But such initiatives can do little beyond allowing people to vent their anger about corruption. Kaushik Basu, the chief economic adviser to India"s finance ministry, suggests that this may be partly because the law treats both bribe-giving and bribe-taking as crimes. This makes it hard to blow the whistle on corrupt officials, because the bribe-giver has also broken the law. In a provocative paper based on game theory, Mr Basu argues for the legalisation of some kinds of bribe-giving. His proposal has caused a furious debate in India, with television channels even assembling panels to discuss it.Some thunder that the economist iscondoning(宽恕) corruption. But Mr Basu makes clear that paying an official to bend the rules in one"s favour should continue to be illegal. The category of payments he would like to legalise are "harassment bribes", made by a person to get things to which he is legally entitled. In such cases, Mr Basu argues, the giver should be grantedimmunity(豁免) from prosecution and a proven complaint should result not only in punishment for the corrupt official but also in a "refund" for the bribe-giver. These steps, he believes, will give bribery victims the confidence to lodge complaints and encouraging them to hang on to evidence of bribery. Fear of being caught should make officials more wary of asking for bribes in the first place.This sounds promising in theory. But India"s courts are notoriously slow. Jean Drèze, an Indian development economist, thinks that the difficulty of pursuing a legal case against a corrupt official may mean that few will complain. If so, Mr Basu"s idea may unintentionally result in an increase in the incidence of corruption. At least some people who would earlier have refused when asked for a bribe, Mr Drèze thinks, would now pay up.Yet when the bribes are for things that are their due, refusal to pay is unrealistic for most people. The tone of those posting on the bribe-reporting website suggest that people are keen to strike back at corrupt officials. Because Mr Basu"s idea should make this easier, it is worth considering. So are steps such as moving more transactions online, to reduce contact with officials. Fighting corruption will need more than one clever idea. Jean Drèze most probably agrees that Mr Basu"s idea is ______.
简述多变量的实验设计。
现在很多蓝领的月工资过万，比如说快递员等，甚至超越了很多白领，对此你怎么看
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