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听力原文：M: Hello madam, can I see your passports and tickets？
W: Certainly, here you are.
M: OK, that's fine. Where would you like to sit？ Any preference？
W: Yes, I think maybe quite near to the toilet, for the kids. You know how they get when they are traveling. Mine get so excited they need to pee all the way there!
M: Yes, the joys of taking the kids on a plane. That's no problem. You are all seated together, in the middle row. Seat numbers K20-24, near to the toilets.
W: Perfect, thanks.
M: Hear are your boarding passes. How many bags do you want to check in？ These 3 large ones？
W: Yes. You know women; we can never travel light, most of that is my clothes!
M: You would be surprised how much luggage some people take on holiday, this is nothing compared to that! So, that's everything, if you would like to make your way through to departures. Have a good flight and enjoy your holiday.
W: Thank you. We will.
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听力原文：M: OK. Everyone take a seat over there and you can see doctor when it's your turn. If doctor thinks that it could be broken then he will send you over to X-ray.
W: How long will I have to wait？ My leg hurts! I'm in pain!
Q: What is wrong with the woman？
(16)
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads through the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask "what's wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment".
Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1933 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed "biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors" as all playing their parts.
Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior. in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality (因果关系). Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: "At this time, well over 1,000 studies.., point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior. in some children.
Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out "the most doubtful measures of aggression", only 28% supported a connection.
The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event？ And when experiments record the time it takes game players to read "aggressive" or "non-aggressive" words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring？ The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the-right direction.
Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quiet a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.
Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games？
听力原文： If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on Earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else.
An American scientist, Professor Cart Sagan, believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted, it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as Earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the Earth and there is only a tiny mount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae, an organism that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler but before man can set foot on Venus, it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like Earth will be reproduced on Venus.
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A．To collect some materials about cultures of a certain area.B．To write a topic about
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