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In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (31) half of the 19th century; most of (32) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movement received great (33) during the First World War, when (34) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established even in munitions plants, under direct government (35) . Although the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (36) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (37) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to (38) a measure of control in the day nurseries, chiefly by (39) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The (40) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were again (41) to replace men in the factories. On this (42) the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (43) $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many states and local communities (44) this Federal aid. By the end of the War, in August, 1945, more than 100, 000 children were being cared (45) in daycare centers receiving Federal (46) . Soon afterward, the Federal government drastically (47) its expenditures for this purpose and later (48) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation (49) most employed mothers would leave their jobs at the end of the War was only partly (50) . 39().
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The story that traces life from sea to land then into the multiple niches that exist there for a great variety of living things is a fascinating one, but far too detailed for our purposes. One key point for us in that story is the emergence of the biological class of animals that are called mammals.Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed. They are warm-blooded; that is, they have a system of temperature control that keeps the body at a constant temperature. Mammals have a set of teeth of different shapes that serve different functions such as cutting, gouging, and grinding. Young mammals spend their earliest days of development shielded within the mother’s body and are then born alive, rather than hatching from eggs. In addition, after birth they are nourished by milk provided by the mother’s mammary glands. The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene. Young mammals play—something that amphibians and reptiles never do—which provides additional learning opportunities.The foregoing list leaves little doubt that we are mammals. There are, of course, a great many kinds of mammals, most of which developed after the great extinction of dinosaurs and other reptiles about 65 million years ago that opened opportunities for the few small mammals that were already in existence. One of the groups of mammals that resulted was a biological order called primates which includes monkeys, apes, humans, and some smaller creatures familiar only to ardent zoo goers. Primates share a number of behavioral features that have played important roles in their evolutionary development. Most primates are arboreal; that is, they spend their lives in and among trees. Their tree-climbing and tree-dwelling habits impose needs that are reflected in primate anatomy. Although diet varies from species to species, many primates are largely vegetarian. But they can eat and digest meat, and some species vary theft diets of leaves, shoots, and fruits by eating insects, birds’ eggs, and even small animals. Primates are hand-feeders, depending on their hands both to collect food and to get it into their mouths. Perhaps the most important feature of their behavior is that primates are social animals. Their genetics, habits, and even their survival are geared to living in groups. Although human beings have come to have a way of life very different from that of typical primates, the basic primate adaptation provided prehumans with capabilities that allowed them to become culture-builders.The anatomical features that separate primates from other kinds of animals relate clearly to the way primates behave. Where do you think is the passage from().
In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (31) half of the 19th century; most of (32) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movement received great (33) during the First World War, when (34) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established even in munitions plants, under direct government (35) . Although the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (36) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (37) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to (38) a measure of control in the day nurseries, chiefly by (39) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The (40) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were again (41) to replace men in the factories. On this (42) the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (43) $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many states and local communities (44) this Federal aid. By the end of the War, in August, 1945, more than 100, 000 children were being cared (45) in daycare centers receiving Federal (46) . Soon afterward, the Federal government drastically (47) its expenditures for this purpose and later (48) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation (49) most employed mothers would leave their jobs at the end of the War was only partly (50) . 38（）.
In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (31) half of the 19th century; most of (32) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movement received great (33) during the First World War, when (34) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established even in munitions plants, under direct government (35) . Although the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (36) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (37) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to (38) a measure of control in the day nurseries, chiefly by (39) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The (40) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were again (41) to replace men in the factories. On this (42) the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (43) $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many states and local communities (44) this Federal aid. By the end of the War, in August, 1945, more than 100, 000 children were being cared (45) in daycare centers receiving Federal (46) . Soon afterward, the Federal government drastically (47) its expenditures for this purpose and later (48) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation (49) most employed mothers would leave their jobs at the end of the War was only partly (50) . 37().
In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (31) half of the 19th century; most of (32) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movement received great (33) during the First World War, when (34) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established even in munitions plants, under direct government (35) . Although the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (36) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (37) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to (38) a measure of control in the day nurseries, chiefly by (39) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The (40) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were again (41) to replace men in the factories. On this (42) the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (43) $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many states and local communities (44) this Federal aid. By the end of the War, in August, 1945, more than 100, 000 children were being cared (45) in daycare centers receiving Federal (46) . Soon afterward, the Federal government drastically (47) its expenditures for this purpose and later (48) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation (49) most employed mothers would leave their jobs at the end of the War was only partly (50) . 35().
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