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Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (1)_____ it to their pets. Market studies show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (2)_____, says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. "It has milk sugar in it," he says, "which dogs cannot (3)_____ very well." (4)_____ by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to (5)_____ their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice cream—and as much (6)_____ to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid byproduct of cheese and milk with the sugar (7)_____. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (8)_____ Tyznik, who has also invented a horse food (called Tizwhiz) and (9)_____ dog food (named Tizbits), three years to (10)_____ the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (11)_____ to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (12)_____ it in cups. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (13)_____ and that "dogs love it". Of 1,400 dogs that have been (14)_____ the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (15)_____. Three out of four (16)_____ it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (17)_____ in the ice cream section of supermarkets, comes in (18)_____ of three or four cups, costing about $1.79. What would happen (19)_____ a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream Nothing, says Tyznik. It"s (20)_____, but frankly, he says, it won"t taste very good.
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Over the last twenty years, scholarly and popular writers have analyzed and celebrated the worlds of leisure and entertainment in the burgeoning cities of mid-nineteenth-century America, greatly expanding the literature on these subjects. They have found an enthusiastic readership by offering glimpses of modes of leisure, performance, and charlatanism that passed from the scene in the early 20th century, indicating how lively they were and how comparatively impoverished our own entertainment choices have become in an era dominated by corporate electronic media. Many scholars have been lured into a fascination with the extinct demimonde of dime museums, exhibition hails, saloons, and industrial exhibitions. During this period entertainment relied upon artful deception, comparable in importance to such contemporary forms of amusement as minstrelsy and melodrama. The cultural activities were forms of representational play in which spectators are caused to doubt their perceptions and judgment. Entertainments that tricked, or duped the paying public flourished in America"s cities in the 19th century. What distinguished these cohorts of entertainers, was not their ability to perpetrate fraud but that they understood the dynamics of a new urban audience that enjoyed distinguishing the genuine from the fake and the authentic from the concocted. The willing audience for artful deceptions maintained a double consciousness in which it simultaneously marveled at the qualities of the object or action displayed while enjoying the act of appraising the quality, audacity, and performance of the deception. By offering semiotic analyses of a range of Victorian performances, we learn there was more to these exhibitions than appeared at first viewing. The tricks and lures of these entertainers deserve a more than marginal position in American cultural history. The purpose of the author in writing the text is that
Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (1)_____ it to their pets. Market studies show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (2)_____, says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. "It has milk sugar in it," he says, "which dogs cannot (3)_____ very well." (4)_____ by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to (5)_____ their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice cream—and as much (6)_____ to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid byproduct of cheese and milk with the sugar (7)_____. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (8)_____ Tyznik, who has also invented a horse food (called Tizwhiz) and (9)_____ dog food (named Tizbits), three years to (10)_____ the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (11)_____ to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (12)_____ it in cups. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (13)_____ and that "dogs love it". Of 1,400 dogs that have been (14)_____ the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (15)_____. Three out of four (16)_____ it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (17)_____ in the ice cream section of supermarkets, comes in (18)_____ of three or four cups, costing about $1.79. What would happen (19)_____ a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream Nothing, says Tyznik. It"s (20)_____, but frankly, he says, it won"t taste very good.
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about periodicals in the world. Choose the most suitable heading from the list or each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Periodicals in initial stageB. The function of periodicalsC. Newspapers and other periodicals onlineD. The introduction of reviewsE. Features of periodicalsF. The emergence of modern periodicals Periodicals refer to publications released on a regular basis that may include news, feature articles, poems, fictional stories, or other types of writing. Many periodicals also include photographs and drawings. Periodicals that are aimed at a general audience, such as weekly news roundups or monthly special-interest publications, are also called magazines. Those with a more narrow audience, such as publications of scholarly organizations, can be termed journals. While newspapers are periodicals, the term generally has come to refer to publications other than dailies. (41)______. Historically, most periodicals have differed from newspapers in their format, publication schedule, and content. Most newspapers deal with the news of the day and are issued on pulp paper with relatively large, unbound pages. By contrast, other types of periodicals focus on more specialized material, and when they deal with news they tend to do so in the form of summaries or commentaries. For centuries these periodicals generally have been printed on finer paper than newspapers, with smaller bound pages, and issued at intervals longer than a day (weekly, every two weeks, monthly, quarterly, or even annually). (42)______. In the 1990s, with the growth of the Internet, publishers began to release newspapers and other periodicals online. This development blurred the line between the two forms because the general format and design of online newspapers and periodicals are similar, and the publication schedules of both forms became more flexible. For example, many newspaper publishers update their online versions throughout the day, and some online periodicals do the same. Despite these technological changes, the two forms" differing emphasis in choice of content remains a distinguishing factor. (43)______. The earliest periodicals include the German Erbauliche Monaths-Unterredungen (Edifying Monthly Discussions, 1663-1668), the French Journal des Sayahs (1665; subsequently titled Journal des Savants), and the English Philosophical Transactions (1665) of the Royal Society of London. These were essentially collections of summaries (later essays) on developments in art, literature, philosophy, and science. (44)______. The first periodical of the modern general type, devoted to a miscellany of reading entertainment, was the English publication The Gentleman"s Magazine (1731-1907)—the first instance of the use of the word magazine to denote a forum for entertaining reading. It contained reports of political debates, essays, stories, and poems and was widely influential. It served as the model for the first true American periodicals, General Magazine and Historical Chronicle and American Magazine. Both of these periodicals first appeared in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in January 1741 as rival publications; neither lasted more than a few months, however. The former was founded by the American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin and the latter by the American printer Andrew Bradford. (45)______. Monthly or quarterly reviews, usually partisan in polities, and with articles contributed by eminent authors and politicians, were introduced in Britain early in the 19th century. Of these, two became outstanding. The Edinburgh Review (1802-1929), founded in support of the Whig Party, was one of the most influential critical journals of its day and numbered among its contributors the English writers Sir Walter Scott, Thomas Carlyle, Matthew Arnold, and William Hazlitt. Blackwood"s Edinburgh Magazine (1817-1981), a Tory publication, was early in its career noted for its serialization of Scottish fiction and its satirical commentaries on Scottish affairs. One of the most important serious periodicals in the United States in the 19th century was the North American Review (1815-1940; revived in 1964). Editors during its long and illustrious career included such literary figures as James Russell Lowell, Charles Eliot Norton, and Henry Adams; contributors included Henry James, H. G. Wells, and Mark Twain. Among the European equivalents of such periodicals were the French Revue des Deux Mondes and the German Literarisches Wochenblatt.
Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (1)_____ it to their pets. Market studies show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (2)_____, says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. "It has milk sugar in it," he says, "which dogs cannot (3)_____ very well." (4)_____ by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to (5)_____ their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice cream—and as much (6)_____ to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid byproduct of cheese and milk with the sugar (7)_____. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (8)_____ Tyznik, who has also invented a horse food (called Tizwhiz) and (9)_____ dog food (named Tizbits), three years to (10)_____ the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (11)_____ to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (12)_____ it in cups. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (13)_____ and that "dogs love it". Of 1,400 dogs that have been (14)_____ the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (15)_____. Three out of four (16)_____ it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (17)_____ in the ice cream section of supermarkets, comes in (18)_____ of three or four cups, costing about $1.79. What would happen (19)_____ a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream Nothing, says Tyznik. It"s (20)_____, but frankly, he says, it won"t taste very good.
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