Questions 4~6 Marriage really is good for you, with a major international study finding it reduces the risks of depression and anxiety, but these disorders are more likely to plague people once the relationship is over. The study of 34,493 people across 15 countries was led by clinical psychologist Kate Scott from New Zealand’s University of Otago, and is based on the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys conducted over the past decade. It found that ending marriage through separation, divorce or death is linked to an increased risk of mental health disorders, with women more likely to resort to substance abuse and men more likely to become depressed. "What makes this investigation unique and more robust is the sample that is so large and across so many countries and the fact that we have data not only on depression... but also on anxiety and substance use disorders," Scott said in a statement. "In addition, we were able to look at what happens to mental health in marriage, both in comparison with never getting married, and with ending marriage." Scott said that the study found that getting married, compared to not getting married, was good for the mental health of both genders, not just women, as previous studies had found. The study, however, did find that men are less likely to become depressed in their first marriage than women, a factor Scott said was probably linked to the traditional gender roles at home, as other WMH surveys have shown that as women get better educated, depression rates tend to fall. The other gender difference the study found is that getting married reduces risk of substance use disorders more for women than for men Scott said this may be explained by the fact that women are usually the primary caregiver for young children. However, the downside of marriage, the University of Otago study shows, is that ending it has a negative impact on both genders. "What our study points to is that the marital relationship offers a lot of mental health benefits for both men and women, and that the distress and disruption associated with ending marriage can make people vulnerable to developing mental disorders," Scott said. The study was recently published in the British journal Psychological Medicine. It was conducted in association with the World Health Organization, Harvard University and a number of other international organizations.1.What might be the different reactions of men and women towards the ending of marriage
Questions 16~20 The fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he made no account of this. The trees on the wood edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full light—for it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer, the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were round about—the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance—and she did not hear. What was she thinking about Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were, held back. She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spell- bound—she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not daunted. She struggled, confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind. She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither. As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why. She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him. she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees. The passage creates an overall impression of ______.
A. mystery
B. horror
C. liveliness
D. contempt
阅读下面的文字,完成文后五题。 记得有人说过,一个人须从古今中外的作家里去寻找和自己性情相近的人。一旦找到思想相近之作家,心中必万分痛快,灵魂亦发生剧烈震撼,如春雷一鸣,蚕卵孵出,得一新生命,入一新世界,于是流连忘返,乐此不疲,如受春风化雨之赐,终获学业大进之益。 这个主张阐发了读书活动中一条基本规律。心理学和接受美学都认为,阅读活动可看成是作者与读者双向交流的心灵对话,是阅读主体为了寻找“自我”和发现“自我”的一次精神探险。因而当阅读主体面对一个陌生的又是高于“自我”的“自我”,其潜在的精神气质和智慧,就如“电击”一般被唤醒,被激活了。当然,一个人面对一本书,仿佛看到了另一个“自我”走来而产生灵魂上全方位的震动和惊喜,或者说一个新的“自我”从“旧我”的躯壳里诞生的情形,一生中难得一遇。这种情形多半发生在某些文学艺术家或人文科学家身上。在其他人那里,则偏重于智慧的激活和治学方法的重铸。 “得一新生命,入一新世界”的情形因人而异,多数是部分得到更新,别开生面。至于气质和心灵完全吻合的情形,是绝不会有的。如果完全认同,则无异于泯灭自我的心智。俄国诗人帕斯捷尔纳克说,当他发现自己身上的英雄主义气质与当时名声在他之上的马雅可夫斯基相近时,他就抑制自己的英雄主义气质。帕斯捷尔纳克的例子,值得深思,值得曾受惠或脱胎于某些外国作家且已声名远播的当代中国青年作家们反省。 第三段中说“如果完全认同,则无异于泯灭自我的心智”,其主要理由是______。
A. 今人和今人、今人和古人,灵魂气质是不可能相同的
B. 完全认同,失去“自我”,无新生命可言
C. 先贤和今贤只能启发和帮助读书人认识“自我”
D. 如果完全认同,读书与不读书就没有区别了