Questions 10-14Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answer in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.Root and her colleagues worried that chaos of ecosystem would happen with rising temperature of the earth and this would lead to different (10) For example, the number of (11) would change due to evacuation of (12) which usually feed on them. What is worse, they also anticipated that shrinking areas of habitat would make come true the (13) . Meanwhile, the number of (14) would decrease half as many as before. Consequently, proactive responses to these changes may be paid more attention by our human beings. 10()
Why DIY The reasons why people engage in DIY have always been numerous and complex. For some, DIY has provided a rare opportunity for creativity and self-expression. For others it has been an unwelcome necessity, driven purely by economic considerations. Then there has been a group which feels that a building can never be a home unless it has been altered and modified to reflect a change of occupancy. A final group has traditionally taken the line that if you want a job done well, you must do it yourself. The same four basic species of DIYers exist today, although these various motives may now overlap very substantially. The perfectionist in search of the good job done well is often also driven by a desire for creativity. There are also two new categories of motive — the pursuit of DIY as a leisure activity and DIY as a form of occupational therapy. These, again, overlap with other reasons. DIY as necessity There is a significant number of young homemakers (38% of our informants) (被 调查者) for whom there is no option but DIY. Their new home, whether bought on a mortgage (抵押借款)which consumes a major slice of their income, or rented at similarly challenging rates, will often require essential rearrangement and even structural repair. Some of these people are reluctant first-time DIYers. They would much prefer to hire professionals, but can’t afford to do so. The majority, however, welcome the opportunity that need has forced upon them to get involved for the first time in the real business of creating a home — with all of its unfamiliar physical labour and the learning from scratch of new techniques. In time, many will migrate to one of the other categories of DIYer, continuing to exercise their new found talents and enthusiasm when no longer forced by financial constraints to do so. DIY as territorial marking Even those who have bought a brand new "starter home", the type which increasingly gains popularity around the edges of our towns and cities, will feel compelled to add personal touches of a less dramatic kind to disguise its otherwise bland and expressionless nature. Putting a "personal stamp on the place" was one of the most frequently reported motives for DIY, with 72% of sample seeing this as being a very important aspect. DIY as self-expression Many young people today are frustrated artists — their latent creative talents just waiting for the chance to reveal themselves. There are also those seeking opportunities for a sense of achievement and personal fulfillment. DIY provided just such opportunities for the overwhelming majority of our informants (84%). This sense of creative achievement comes both from the choices made by the first-time DIYer — the selection of colors, textures and components to apply to the "canvas" of the home — and from the application of specific skills and techniques. The manufacturers of DIY materials clearly understand this and now provide a wide range of "arty" products to fuel creative urges. At the same time, they make the materials themselves much easier to use — the DIY equivalent of painting by numbers. Special paint effects, which once required the specialist knowledge and training of the true professional, can now be achieved straight out of the can with a simple brush. DIY as perfection-seeking A large proportion of first-time DIYers (63%) distrust builders and decorators. They feel that most are "cowboys" and that even the more reputable ones are very unlikely to have the same loving attention to detail and care as the DIYer. Some had previously suffered from the alleged bodge of small builders, while others were proud of the fact that no tradesman of this kind had ever set foot in their home. Within this group there were those who were content for builders to perform basic or structural work, and to undertake tasks such as plastering (抹水泥) which are beyond the competence of most DIYers, particularly the younger beginners in our sample. The finishing work, however, was something these people kept for themselves — the final "perfecting" of what otherwise would be just a second-rate result. This drive for perfection was also evident among the "strippers" in this group. The idea of putting wallpaper over existing paper, or even paint on the top of preceding coats, was anathema. Everything needed to be taken back to the bare plaster or the naked wood before any new decoration could be applied. Some informants recognized that this search for perfection could sometimes go too far: "It’s an obsession for me really. I’m never happy with anything." The problem perfectionists face is that progress can be very slow. When perfectionists are obliged, by nagging or circumstance, to speed things up, other problems can result. DIY as leisure activity For a significant minority of first-timers (28%), DIY is seen as a novel and entertaining pastime. It is not really work, but something similar to entertainment, shared by both partners and even the children in the case of young families. "It’s just great fun" enthused one of our sample. The idea that DIYing is similar to a trip to the lions of Longleat may seem strange. But for these informants home-making was sufficiently different from, and infinitely preferable to, the dull routines of weekday work to constitute a weekend break. The results of such activity were rewarding, but probably less so than engaging in the activity itself. DIY as therapy "It’s therapeutic, isn’t it I’m always in my own little world when I’m doing DIY — it’s great." So said a young man of 27 in our sample. "For me it’s occupational therapy", said another informant. For them and others it was their way of getting rid of stress after a long day at work — a way of switching off and using the repetitive nature of many DIY tasks as a way of relaxing. Others hinted at a similar process, where DIY was almost an end in itself, rather than just a means to achieving a better home. In this sense they were similar to those who saw DIY as a form of leisure, but it was the psychological effects which were emphasized by 18% of our sample. It’s found that most young DIY beginners are not competent for ______.
A. plastering
B. decorating
C. gardening
D. painting
In an age when waste today means a lack tomorrow, making use of every available resource becomes more and more important. As coal is being used in greater and greater amounts to produce electricity, larger amounts of ash, by-product of coal, are produced. When coal is burned in a boiler, two kinds of ash by-product are produced, a heavy bottom ash and a fine-as-powder fly ash that is filtered and captured by precipitators. About 10 to 15 percent of the coal by-product is bottom ash which is used like sand on icy city streets and highways and also on highways as paving material. It is the fly ash, however, that is receiving the greater amount of attention. Fly ash may be used as an additive to concrete in the construction of dams, bricks, and roads, and can replace up to 20 percent of the cement used in concrete. As a by-product of burned coal, fly ash requires no additional expenditure of energy to be produced, while cement production requires great amounts of energy.In addition to using fly ash as a concrete additive, the technology is available to extract the main mineral components-aluminum, silicon, and magnetic. Today, extracting these components is a very expensive process, but the time may come when it is cheaper to extract these products from ash than to mine new supplies. According to the passage, what attracts man’s greater attention()
A. Fly ash.
B. The construction of dams, bricks, and roads.
C. Extracting aluminum, silicon, and magnetic from ash.
D. The available technology.