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Salt，shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today． Salt may seem rather a strange (1) to use as money． (2) in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable，it is often an (3) necessity．Cakes of salt，stamped to show their (4) ，were used as money in some countties until recent (5) ，and cakes of salt (6) buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa． Sea shells (7) as money at some time (8) another over the greater part of the Old World。These were (9) mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean，and were traded to India and China．In Africa，shells were traded right across the (10) from East to West． Metal，valued by weight， (11) coins in many parts of the world．Iron，in lumps，bars or rings，is still used in many countries (12) paper money．It can either be exchanged (13) goods，or made into tools，weapons，or ornaments．The early money of China，apart from shells，was of bronze， (14) in flat，round pieces with a hole in the middle．called“cash”．The (15) of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old—older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean． Nowadays，coins and notes have (16) nearly all the more picturesque (17) of money，and (18) in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (19) such as weddings and funerals，examples of (20) money will soon be found only in museums．
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There are many superstitions in Britain，but one of the most (1) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder—even if it means． (2) the pavement into a busy street! (3) you must pass under a ladder you can (4) bad luck by crossing your fingers and (5) them crossed until you have seen a dog． (6) ，you may lick your finger and (7) a cross on the toe of your shoe，and not look again at the shoe until the (8) has dried． Another common (9) is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—it will either bring (10) to the person who opened it or to the whole (11) ．Anyone opening an umbrella in fme weather is (12) ，as it inevitably brings rain! The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some，and when the 13th day of the month (13) on a Friday，anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (14) ．The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror， (15) it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (16) in ancient times，when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods． Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain，even though they are (17) witchcraft．It is (18) lucky if a black cat crosses your path—although in America the exact opposite belief prevails． Finally，a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (19) luck．This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate，such as“my car has never (20) ，touch wood”
A person;s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears，the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time．Depending on personality，most have in mind a(n)“ (1) home”．But in general，and especially for the student or new wage earners，there are practical (2) of cash and location on achieving that idea． Cash (3) ，in fact，often means that the only way of (4) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (5) financially．There are obvious (6) of living at home—personal laundry is usually (7) done along with the family wash；meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (8) ．And there is (9) the responsibility for paying bills，rates，etc． On the other hand， (10) depends on how a family gets on．Do your parents like your friendsYou may love your family— (11) do you like themAre you prepared to be (12) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back If you find that you cannot manage a(n) (13) , and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (14) finding somewhere else to live If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (15) well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (16) . If you are going to work in a (17) area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (18) these should be approached with (19) . Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (20) of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.
The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides (1) the hours of darkness．Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this (2) can be modified． The question is no mere academic one．The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a (3) of growing importance in industry where automation (4) round-the-clock working of machines．It normally (5) from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a (6) routine of sleep and wakefulness，sleeping during the day and working at night． (7) ，it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week．This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine (8) he has to change to another， (9) much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very (10) ． One answer would seem to be (11) periods on each shift，a month，or even three months． (12) ，recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their (13) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any (14) to night work built up during the week．The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose (15) may persist through all weekends and holidays．
Salt，shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today． Salt may seem rather a strange (1) to use as money． (2) in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable，it is often an (3) necessity．Cakes of salt，stamped to show their (4) ，were used as money in some countties until recent (5) ，and cakes of salt (6) buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa． Sea shells (7) as money at some time (8) another over the greater part of the Old World。These were (9) mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean，and were traded to India and China．In Africa，shells were traded right across the (10) from East to West． Metal，valued by weight， (11) coins in many parts of the world．Iron，in lumps，bars or rings，is still used in many countries (12) paper money．It can either be exchanged (13) goods，or made into tools，weapons，or ornaments．The early money of China，apart from shells，was of bronze， (14) in flat，round pieces with a hole in the middle．called“cash”．The (15) of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old—older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean． Nowadays，coins and notes have (16) nearly all the more picturesque (17) of money，and (18) in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (19) such as weddings and funerals，examples of (20) money will soon be found only in museums．
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